Residual Effects of Some Sulfonylurea Herbicides of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Conservational Tillage System

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 10, Volume 33, Issue 1 - Serial Number 43, March 2019, Pages 85-97   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v33i1.70176

Authors

Mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh^{* 1}; Seyed Hossein Hosseinikia²; Seyed Hossein Torabi¹; K Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf³

¹Khorasan-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center

²Islamic Azad University

³Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

Introduction: Cotton as a second crop is planted at some relatively warm and dry conditions in rotation after wheat, in Iran. In this situation, herbicide residue persistence is a determining factor for cotton production. Seven sulfonylurea herbicides were registered for weed control of wheat in Iran and some of them may have adverse residue effects on growth and yield of cotton. Sulfonylurea herbicides at very low doses, inhibit synthesis of essential amino acid such as leucine, iso-leucine, and valin in the sensitive plants. Many studies demonstrated that there is dangerous residue of sulfonylurea herbicide in a soil with high pH, low moisture and organic matter level, and with the short time between herbicide application and the emergence of the following crop. For example, 135 days after application of metsulfuron, triasulfuron, and chlorosulfuron, cotton biomass was reduced by 23% to 67% in a soil with pH ranged 7.8 to 8.6 (6). In the other studies, sulfosulfuron residue caused damage to barley, lens, sorghum, and sunflower as sensitive crop after one year (16, 20). Residue of triasulfuron (at 22 gr.ha-1) one year after application made injuries to alfalfa, canola, corn, potato and sugar beet (21).
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during 2013-2014 to evaluate residue effects of some sulfonylurea herbicides of wheat on cotton at Sarakhs region of Iran. The soil textural class was silty clay with EC= 5.62 dS.m-1 and pH= 8.2. The field trial was a randomized complete block design with seven treatments in four replications. The treatments consisted of five sulfonylurea herbicide treatments as follows: 1- sulfosulfuron (26.6 g.ha-1 of Apyros® 75%WG), 2- mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron + mefenpyre (1.5 L.ha-1 of Atlantis® 1.2% OD), 3- triasulfuron + dicamba (165 g.ha-1 of Lenture® 70% WG), 4- triasulfuron + terbutryn (250 g.ha-1 of Logran Extra® 64% WG) and 5- metsulfuron + sulfosulfuron (40 g.ha-1 of Total® 75% WG). All herbicides applied in 3-5 leaf stage of wheat on 23th November, 2013. Furthermore, one herbicide free treatment (all season hand weeding) was considered as the control. Immediately after wheat harvest, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Varamin) was planted (June 2, 2014) as the second crop in wheat spaces by a direct seeding machine. Residue effects on cotton plants were measured by plant height, stem length and dry matter (DM). Rankings of visual injury based on EWRC (European Weed Research Council) were recorded at four times starting seven days after cotton emergence. Cotton was harvested on September 26, 2014 and bull number, boll yield, and fiber yield were then determined. At the same time, residual bioassay tests were done in completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse using cotton, corn, barley, and canola. Their shoot and root dry matters were measured three weeks after emergence. Analysis of variance and mean comparisons (LSD 5%) was accomplished by SAS® (ver. 9.2) software.
Results and Discussion: The results showed herbicide residue from and sulfosulfuron and metsulfuron+ sulfosulfuron significantly reduced cotton plant height and dry matter in the field at the first time of sampling (30 days after emergence). However, the differences in plant heights were not significant at the second and third sampling time owing to growth compensation after crop fertilization. It seems that metsulfuron is more important than sulfosulfuron in cotton injury as responsible ingredient. According to the previous studies, half-life of metsulfuron was 52 days and for sulfosulfuron was 42 days in average (28). Both of them are more persistent in the soils with high pH and low organic matter like the soils in our experiment. Mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron + mefenpyre residue had somewhat adverse effects on early growth of cotton and reduced shoot dry weight, but after 50 days plants were recovered. According to Tomlin (28), half-life of mesosulfuron and iodosulfuron was reported 38 days and 8.5 days, respectively. No adverse effect was recognized in cotton plants from triasulfuron+ terbutryn and triasulfuron+ dicamba. Half-life is 19 days for triasulfuron and negligible for two other ingredients. The herbicides injures were not as much stable as cotton yields were significantly affected. In greenhouse bioassay experiment, cotton shoot DM was significantly reduced by residues of metsulfuron+ sulfosulfuron, sulfosulfuron and mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron+ mefenpyre. In addition, residual effects of metsulfuron+ sulfosulfuron and sulfosulfuron were observed on cotton root DM. Adverse effects from metsulfuron+ sulfosulfuron and sulfosulfuron caused a significant reduction in barley. Both of these herbicides were registered for controlling of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch.) in wheat fields. The most residual injuries were observed in canola in which all traits were reduced by residues of herbicides used for wheat.
Conclusion: According to the field experiment, we found that the residues of two herbicides Total® 75% and Apyros® 75% lessened cotton height, dry matter of shoot and root at early growth stages. Nevertheless, the plant was recovered with season progress especially after overtop fertilization and consequently cotton yield (boll number, boll yield and fiber yield) was not significantly decreased. The results of pot experiment confirmed the field results and showed that these two herbicides significantly decreased cotton growth. Besides, growth of barley, canola and corn was affected by Total® 75%, Apyros® 75% and Atlantis® 1.2%. Therefore, metsulfuron and sulfosulfuron have the most effective residue among all components investigated. Moreover, canola and corn were, respectively, the most and least sensitive crops in the bioassay experiment.

Keywords

barley; Bioassay; Canola; corn; Second crop; Visual injury

References

1- Alazmani M. 2012. Remainder effect of several species Amaranthus on germination of cotton. The First International Conference of Science, Industry and Trade of Cotton. October 2-4, Gorgan, IRAN. (In Persian with English abstract)

2- Alonso-Prados J.L., Hernandez-Sevillano E., Llanos S., Villarroya M., and Garcia-Baudin J.M. 2002. Effects of sulfosulfuron soil residues on barley (Hordeum vulgare), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and common vetch (Vicia sativa). Crop Protection 21(10): 1061-1066.

3- Blair A.M., and Martin T.D. 1988. A review of the activity, fate and mode of action of sulfonylurea herbicides. Pesticide Science 22(3): 195-219.

4- Brown H.M. 1990. Mode of action, crop selectivity, and soil relations of the sulfonylurea herbicides. Pesticide Science 29(3): 263-281.

5- Dehghan M.A., Izadi E., Rashed M.H., and Mahmoodi G. 2011. Evaluation of iodosulfuron+mesosulfuron soil residue damage on crops. Iranian Journal of Weed Science 6: 53-64. The 5th Regional Congress on Advances in Agricultural Research (West of Iran), 18-19 May, Sanandaj, University of Kurdistan, Iran. (In Persian)

6- Dunmall T.A., Walker S.R., Barnes J.E., and Churchett J.C. 1996. Cropping options following winter applied residual herbicides in southern Queensland. Paper presented at the Eleventh Australian Weeds Conference Proceedings.

7- Fairbanks D.E., Reynolds D.B., Griffin J.L., Jordan D.L., Corkern C.B., Vidrine P.R., and Crawford S.H. 2001. Cotton tolerance and weed control with preplant applications of thifensulfuron plus tribenuron. Journal of Cotton Science 5: 259-267.

8- Faircloth W.H., Patterson M.G. and Monks C.D. 2001. Evaluation of CGA 362622 for weed control in Alabama cotton. Beltwide Cotton Conf., Anaheim, CA. Jan. 9-13.

9- Grey T.L., Braxton L.B., and Richburg J.S. 2012. Effect of wheat herbicide carryover on double-crop cotton and soybean. Weed Technology 26(2): 207-212.

10- Hadizadeh M.H. 2009. Investigation of the Effects of Organic Matter Amendments and Sulfosulfuron Application Rates on the Herbicide Persistence and Biological Traits of Soil in Wheat. Ph.D. Thesis in weed science. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 137 pp. (In Persian with English abstract)

11- Hanson B.D., Rauch T.A., and Thill D.C. 2004. Plant back restrictions for herbicides used in the dry land wheat production areas of the Pacific Northwest. 2006, 1-8.

12- Hicks S.K., Wendt C.W., Gannaway J.R., and Baker R.B. 1989. Allelopathic effects of wheat straw on cotton germination, emergence, and yield. Journal of Crop Science Society of America 29(4): 1057-1061.

13- Hurle K., and Walker A. 1980. Persistence and its prediction, pp. 83-122. In. Hance, R. J. (ed.), Interactions between Herbicides and the Soil, New York: Academic Press.

14- I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization, 2013. Online accessibility of climatically and historically data. Available at: http://www.irimo.ir/far/wd/2703.html.

15- Izadi E., Rashed M.H., Mahmoodi G., and Dehghan M. 2011. Assessing of crop susceptibility to herbicide residues mesosulfuron+idosulfuron in the soil. Journal of Plant Protection 25(2): 194-201.

16- Kelly J.P., and Peeper T.F. 2003. MON 37500 application timing affects cheat (Bromus secalinus) control and winter wheat. Weed Science 51: 231-236.

17- Kotoula-Syka E., Eleftherohorinos I.G. Gagianas A.A., and Sficas A.G. 1993. Phytotoxicity and persistence of chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron and tribenuron-methyl in three soils. Weed Research 33(5): 355–367.

18- Mansoori H., Zand E., Tavakoli M., and Baghestani M.A. 2012. A study of the effect of residue of some sulfonylurea herbicides on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Environmental Sciences 9(3): 59-70. (In Persian with English abstract)

19- Menne H.J., and Berger B.M. 2001. Influence of straw management, nitrogen fertilization and dosage rates on the dissipation of five sulfonylureas in soil. Weed Research 41: 229-453.

20- Miller P.A., Westra P., and Nissen S.J. 1999. The influence of surfactant and nitrogen on foliar absorption of MON 37500. Weed Science 47: 270-274.

21- Moyer J.R. 1995. Sulfonylurea Herbicide Effects on following Crops. Weed Technology 9(2): 373-379.

22- Nourbakhsh S., and Sahraian H. 2015. List of important pests, diseases and weeds of major agricultural products, chemicals and recommended ways for their control. Plant Protection organization, Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, 208 pp. (In Persian)

23- Oaladi M., Izadi H., Baniani A., Bahodori F., Hassanpour F, Hakimi M., Hamidi I., Salimi H., Rezayan R., Arabsalmani M., Alaee M., Ghalebi S., Kavian M.A., Golmohamadi G., Naraghi L., Noorgholipour F., and Vafaee F. 2014. Criteria and indicators of cotton production. Cotton, Oilseed and Industrial Crops Management Office, Deputy of Plant Production, Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, 109 pp. (In Persian)

24- Peterson D.E., and Regehr D.L. 2005. Rotational crop response to flucarbazone, flucarbazone plus chlor-sulfuron, sulfosulfuron, propoxycarbazone, and propoxycarbazone plus mesosulfuron. Paper presented at the North Central Weed Science Proceedings. 60. P. 7.

25- Poorazar R., Zand E., Baghestani M.A., Mansoori H., and Deihimfard R. 2009. Response of some crops grown in rotation with wheat to the residues of sulfonylurea herbicides in Khuzestan province. Journal of Agroecoloy 1(2): 29-35. (In Persian with English summery)

26- Saini M.K., Walia U.S., and Randhawa S.K. 2010. Residues of sulfosulfuron, mesosulfuron +iodosulfuron and pinoxaden in soil, wheat and successive crops. Indian Journal of Weed Science 42(1 & 2): 1-8.

27- Shinn S.L., Thill D.C., Price W.J., and Ball D.A. 1998. Response of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and rotational crops to MON 37500. Weed Technology 12(4): 690-698.

28- Tomlin C.D.S. (ed.) 2009. The Pesticide Manual (Fifteenth Edition). BCPC (British Crop Protection Council), Hampshire, UK. 1457pp.

29- Villaverde J., Kah M., and Brown C.D. 2008. Adsorption and degradation of four acidic herbicides in soils from southern Spain. Pest Management Science 64: 703-710.

30- Walia U.S., Singh M., and Singh B. 2007. Residual effect of sulfosulfuron on Kharif crops. J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. 44(1): 12-14.

31- Wiese A.F., Bovey R.W., and Eastin E.F. 1992. Effect of herbicides on growth of cotton and associated crops. pp. 515-544. In: McWhorter, C. G. and Abernathy, J. R. (eds.), Weeds of Cotton: Characterization and Control. The Cotton Foundation of America, Tennessee, USA.

32- Zand E., Mousavi S.K., and Heidari A. 2008. Herbicides and methods of their application with approach of optimization and usage decrease. Publication of Jehade Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashad Iran. 572 p. (In Persian)

33- Zand E., Rahimian H., Koocheki A.R., Khalaghani J., Mousavi S.K., and Ramezani K. 2004. Weed ecology: management vegetation for implications. Publication of Jehade Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashad Iran. 558 p. (In Persian)