پایداری بوم‌شناختی در "بازگشت انرژی به سرمایه (EROI)" و تبیین ارتباط آن با ساختار سیمای‌سرزمین کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی: استان قزوین)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 1400، صفحه 449-470   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i3.85655

نویسندگان

مریم یوسفی؛ شهیندخت برق جلوه^* ؛ آصف درویشی؛ نغمه مبرقعی دینان

گروه برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی محیط، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مداخله انسان در تغییر فرآیند­های بوم­شناختی، جریانات انرژی و هدایت آن­ها در رفع نیاز­های رشد جمعیت انسانی، فرآیندهای یکپارچه سیستم سیمای­سرزمین را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. با افزایش تقاضای انسان، مسئله­ بهره­وری انرژی به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان اساسی زیرساخت­های اقتصادی به‌ویژه کشاورزی مطرح است. تا­کنون ارزیابی بهره­وری انرژی، در محاسبه بازده انرژی نسبت به ورودی­های سرمایه­گذاری شده خلاصه شده است که چنین نسبت ورودی­-خروجی ساده از حامل­های انرژی، به‌ناچار عملکرد داخلی سیستم را درون جعبه سیاه پنهان می­نماید. این امر جریان­های بوم­شناختی در سیستم که توسط حامل­های انرژی، دوباره به چرخه رانده می­شوند و به سرمایه برمی­گردند، را نادیده می­گیرد. شاخص پایداری بازگشت انرژی به سرمایه(EROI)  یکی از رویکرد­های نوین در این حوزه است که در تلاش برای رفع این مشکل، سیستم سیمای­سرزمین کشاورزی را به‌عنوان نهاد­ی فضایی، متشکل از حلقه­های انرژی فیمابین طبیعت و ساختاربندی جامعه انسانی می­بیند و رویکرد یکپارچه­ بوم­شناختی­-جامعه­شناختی را در تحلیل پیچیدگی سیمای­سرزمین اتخاذ می­نماید. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی نظریه و روش­شناسی این رویکرد است که در استان قزوین به‌عنوان مطالعه موردی به‌تفکیک دهستان اجرا و ارتباط آن با ناهمگونی ساختار سیمای­سرزمین منبعث از برنامه­ریزی کاربری اراضی که با متریک سیمای‌سرزمین ارزیابی شده است، بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که چگونه الگوهای چرخه انرژی با ناهمگونی ساختار سیمای­سرزمین هر دهستان ارتباط پیدا کرده و بهره­وری انرژی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. همچنین، خروجی­های همبستگی بین شاخص­های محاسبه شده بهره­وری انرژی و ناهمگونی ساختار سیمای­سرزمین، نشان می­دهد که بین این دو متغیر همبستگی معکوس برقرار است. نتایج دلالت بر سوء مدیریت سرزمین دارد، چنان‌که سازوکار چرخه­های انرژی در بستر الگوهای ناهمگونی ساختار سیمای­سرزمین منبعث از برنامه­ریزی کاربری­راضی، از سازوکار چرخه­ها­ی انرژی منبعث از الگوهای طبیعی ساختار ­سرزمین پیروی نمی­کنند. لذا، در این خصوص لازم است یا از الگوهای ناهمگنی سرزمین تقلید شود و یا از الگوهای ناهمگنی نوینی در راستای توسعه سازمان‌دهی ساختار سیمای­سرزمین استفاده گردد، به­گونه­ای که انسجام ناهمگنی فرآیندی اتخاذ شده، شرایط کاهش آنتروپی و توسعه روندهای سایبرنتیک در سازوکارهای زیستی سیمای­سرزمین را فراهم نماید. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند در برنامه­های آمایش سرزمین به‌منظور ادغام ملاحظات انرژی در برنامه­ریزی کاربری اراضی و مطالعات طرح جامع توسعه کشاورزی، مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بوم‌شناسی سیمای‌سرزمین؛ بهره‌وری انرژی؛ زیست‌توده بازگشتی؛ سیستم بوم‌شناختی-جامعه‌شناختی

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