پویایی بانک بذر و گیاهچه علف‌های هرز در پاسخ به نوع تناوب در اکوسیستم‌های زراعی

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 36، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 56، تیر 1401، صفحه 239-258   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v39i1.83880

نویسندگان

نیوشا ولایی^* ؛ محمد حسن راشد محصل؛ محمد بنایان اول

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات تناوب­های زراعی ذرت-گندم و آیش-گندم بر پویایی بانک بذر و جمعیت علف‌های هرز پژوهشی طی سال‌های 97-1395 در مزارع تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، انجام شد. جهت مطالعه بانک بذر از دو عمق 15-0 و 30-15 سانتی‌متر خاک نمونه‌برداری گردید. برای بررسی توزیع مکانی، تراکم گونه‌های علف‌های هرز و پویایی لکه‌ها، نمونه­برداری پس از سبز شدن محصول در دو مرحله قبل و بعد از کاربرد علف‌کش‌ها از روش ژئواستاتیستیک استفاده شد. تراکم بانک بذر علف­های هرز در سال دوم تناوب ذرت-گندم نسبت به سال اول دارای روندی افزایشی بود و حداقل تراکم در سال دوم تناوب آیش-گندم مشاهده شد. تراکم بانک بذر ذرت-گندم برخلاف روند کاهشی تناوب آیش–گندم طی دو سال پیاپی در عمق­های 15-0 و 30-15 سانتی‌متر به ترتیب 79/89  و 85/62 درصد افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد از تنوع گونه­ای تناوب­های‌ ذرت-گندم و آیش-گندم نسبت به سال اول کاسته شد. تاثیر تناوب ذرت-گندم در سال اول بر غنای گونه‌ای در عمق‌های 15-0 و 30-15 سانتی‌متر خاک به ترتیب 70/33 و 25/38 درصد بود که نسبت به تناوب آیش-گندم کاهش چشمگیری داشت. مقایسه میانگین برهمکنش فراوانی بانک بذر علف‌های هرز نشان داد فراوانی بذور به طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر تناوب زراعی و عمق شخم می­باشد. کاهش شیب خط رگرسیون نیز بیانگر کاهش خروج بذور علف‌های هرز از بانک بذر در طول زمان در تناوب ذرت-گندم بود. بررسی پراکنش گیاهچه­ها در تناوب ذرت-گندم نشان داد شباهت زیادی بین الگوهای توزیع جمعیت کل علف‌های هرز در بین دو مرحله قبل و بعد از کاربرد علف‌کش وجود دارد، به طوری که علف‌های هرز رشد یافته در روی ردیف پس از هر بار تهیه بستر به صورت لکه‌های متمرکز پخش و گسترش می‌یابند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آیش؛ بانک بذر؛ تناوب؛ توزیع مکانی

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