Effect of Rangeland Fire on Soil Physical Properties and Water Infiltration Parameters using Principle Component Analysis

آب و خاک

Article 6, Volume 28, Issue 5, November 2015, Pages 964-975   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.27453

Authors

J. heidary^{* 1}; Sh. Ghorbani Dashtaki¹; F. Raiesi¹; Pejman tahmasebi²

¹Shahrekord University

²Shahrekord

Abstract

Annual fires might change many soil physical properties in semi steppe rangeland.The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of fire on soil physical properties and soil water infiltration parameters in semi-steppe rangeland of Karsanak region in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Therefore, several sites were chosen which were affected by fire at three, two and one years prior to this study (i.e. 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively). Soil water infiltration was measured using tension infiltrometer in 54 points of the study sites. Since the soil samples were taken from to depth (0-10 cm and 15-25 cm) of each site, the numbers of soil samples for laboratory analysis were 108. Independent t-test and principle component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the difference between the measured properties at the burned and control sites. The results showed that aggregates stability coefficients (MWD and GMD) in the surface layer significantly reduced in 1 and 2 years after fire compared with control areas. Water dispersible clay (WDC) and bulk density significantly increased in surface layer of all burned areas compared with control areas. Saturation hydraulic conductivity significantly decreased in burned areas in 1, 2 and 3 years after. The results showed that annual fires occurs have meny negative effects on soil physical properties cause to shallow, low water retention capacity and high risk of erosion in semi steppe rangeland.

Keywords

Fire; Hydrophobic soil; Soil physical properties; Multivariate; Semi steppe rangeland

References

1- حیدری ج. و قربانی دشتکی ش. 1391. تاثیر آتش‌سوزی پوشش گیاهی بر کیفیت خاک مراتع نیمه استپی کرسنک، چهارمحال و بختیاری. مجله پژوهش های حفاظت آب و خاک 142:20-125.

2- طهماسبی پ. 1390. تجزیه و تحلیل های چند متغیره در علوم محیطی و منابع طبیعی. انتشارت دانشگاه شهرکرد. 179ص.

3- مولوی ر.، باقرنژاد م. و ادهمی ا. 1388. اثر آتش سوزی جنگل و سوزاندن پسماند زراعی بر تغییرات کانی های رسی و برخی ویژگی های فیزیکو شیمیایی لایه های سطحی خاک. علوم آب و خاک (علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی) 49: 110-99.

4- Blake G.R., and Hartge K.H. 1986. Bulk density. p. 363-375. In A. Klute. (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI.

5- Cambardella C.A., and Elliott E.T. 1993. Carbon and nitrogen distributions in aggregates from cultivated and grassland soils. Science Society of America journal, 57:1071-1076.

6- Certini G. 2005. Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: a review. Oecologia, 143:1-10.

7- Channey K., and Swift R.S. 1984. The influence of organic matter on aggregate stability in some British soils. Soil Science, 35:223–230.

8- Cook G.D., So H.B., and Dalal R.C. 1992. Structural degradation of two Vertisols under continuous cultivation. Soil and Tillage Research, 24:47–64.

9- DeBano L.F. 2000. The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments. Journal of Hydrology, 232:195–206.

10- DeBano L.F., Neary D.G., and Ffolliott P.F. 1998. Fire effects on ecosystems. Wiley, New York.

11- Dexter A.R., and Czyz E.A. 2000. Effect of soil management on the dispersibility of clay in the southeastern United States. Bioligy and fertility of soils, 38:386-392.

12- Doerr S.H., Shakesby R.A., and Walsh R.P.D. 2000. Spatial variability of soil hydrophobicity in fire -prone eucalyptus and pine forests, Portugal. Soil Science, 163:313-324.

13- Ekinci H. 2006. Effect of forest fire on some physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in Canakkale, Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8:102–106.

14- Gee G.W., and Bauder J.W. 1986. Particle Size Analysis. p. 383-411. In A. Klute. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI.

15- Giovannini G., Lucchesi S., and Giachetti M. 1988. Effects of heating on some physical and chemical parameters related to soil aggregation and erodibility. Soil Science, 146:255–261.

16- Granged A.J.P., Zavala L.M., Antonio J., and Barcenas-Moreno G. 2011. Post-fire evolution of soil properties and vegetation cover in a Mediterranean heathland after experimental burning: A 3-year study. Geoderma, 164:85–94.

17- Haubensak K., Antonio C.D., and Wixon D. 2009. Effect of fire and environmental variables and composition in grazed salt desert shrub lands of the Great Basin (USA). Journal of Arid Environments, 73:643-650.

18- Hubbert K.R., Preisler H.K., Wohlgemuth P.M., Graham R.G., and Narog M.G. 2006. Prescribed burning effects on soil physical properties and water repellency in a steep chaparral watershed, Southern California, USA. Geoderma, 130:284–298.

19- Imeson A.C., Verstraten J.M., Van Mulligen E.J., and Sevink J. 1992. The effects of fire and water repellency on infiltration and runoff under Mediterranean type forest. Catena, 19:345–361.

20- Jong L.W., Jacobsen O.H., and Moldrup P. 1999. Soil water repellency: effects of water content, temperature and particle size. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63:437-442.

21- Kayode S.A., Gabriel A., Oluwatosin O., Adeyolanu D., and Adebayo O. 2008. Slash and burn effect on soil quality of an Alfisol: Soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 103:4–10.

22- Ketterings Q.M., and Bigham J.M. 2000. Soil color as an indicator of slash-and-burn fire severity and soil fertility in Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64:1826–1833.

23- Li X.G., Li Y.K., Li F.M., Ping Q.M., Zhang L., and Yin P. 2009. Changes in soil organic carbon, nutrients and aggregation after conversion of native desert soil into irrigated arable land. Soil and Tillage Research, 104:263–269.

24- Lorena M., Zavala F.A., and Gonzalez A.J. 2009. Fire-induced soil water repellency under different vegetation types along the Atlantic dune coast-line in SW Spain. Catena, 79:153–162.

25- Martinez F.J., and Pereira D.E. 1994. Changes of the physical and chemical properties in soil affected by forest fire in Sierra Larga, Murcia, Spain. p. 67–77. In M. Sala and J.L. Rubio (ed.) Soil erosion and degradation as a consequence of forest fires: Geoforma Ediciones, Logron˜o.

26- McKenzie N., Coughlan K., and Cresswell H. 2008. Soil physical measurement and interpretatation for land evaluation. p.108-119. CSIRO, Sydney, Australia.

27- Oliva F.G., Robert L.S., and Kelly E. 1999. Effects of slash-and-burn management on soil aggregate organic C and N in a tropical deciduous forest. Geoderma, 88:1–12.

28- Philip J.R. 1957. The theory of infiltration. The infiltration equation and its solution. Soil science, 3:345–357.

29- Robichaud P.R. 1999. Fire effects on infiltration rates after prescribed fire in Northern Rocky Mountain forests, USA. Journal of Hydrology, 232:220–229.

30- Schonning P., Munkholm L.J., Elmholt S., and Olsen J.E. 2007. Organic matter and soil tilth in arable farming: management makes a difference within 5-6 years. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 122:157-172.

31- Stoof C.R., Wesseling J.G., and Ritsema C.J. 2010. Effects of fire and ash on soil water retention. Geoderma, 159:276-285.

32- Valzano F.P., Greene R.S.B., and Murphy B.W. 1997. Direct effects of stubble burning on soil hydraulic and physical properties in a direct drill tillage system. Soil and Tillage Research, 42:209-219.

33- Wells C.G., Campbell R.E., DeBano L.F., Lewis C.E., Fredriksen R.L., Franklin E.C., Froelich R.C., and Dunn P.H. 1979. Effects of fire on soil, a state-of-knowledge review. USDA Forest Service, Washington Office, General Technical Report WO-7.

34- Wuest S.B., Caesar-TonThat T.C., Wright S.F., and Williams J.D. 2005. Organic matter addition, N, and residue burning effects on infiltration, biological, and physical properties of an intensively tilled silt-loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 84:154–167.

35- Zavala L.M., Granged A.J.P., Jordan A., and Gema B.M. 2010. Effect of burning temperature on water repellency and aggregate stability in forest soils under laboratory conditions. Geoderma, 158:366–374.