Effect of Subsurface Irrigation with Porous Clay Capsules on Quantitative and Quality of Grape Plant

آب و خاک

Article 4, Volume 29, Issue 1, March 2015, Pages 58-66   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.28243

Authors

hojjat ghorbani vaghei^* ; Hosseinali Bahrami; R. Mazhari; A. Heshmatpour

Gonbad University

Abstract

Introduction: Maintaining soil moisture content at about field capacity and reducing water loss in near root zone plays a key role for developing soil and water management programs. Clay pot or porous pipe is a traditional sub-irrigation method and is ideal for many farms in the world’s dry land with small and medium sized farms and gardens and is still used limitedly in dry lands of India, Iran, Pakistan, the Middle East, and Latin-America. Clay capsule is one of porous pipes in sub irrigation that is able to release water in near root zone with self- regulative capacity. Watering occurs only in amounts that the plants actually need (this amount is equal to field capacity) and released water in near root zone without electricity or use of an automatic dispenser.
Materials and Methods: A study was carried out in 2013 on the experimental field of agriculture faculty of Tarbiat Modares University, to study the effect of two irrigation types on qualitative and quantitative characters in grape production (Vitis vinifera L.). In order to provide the water requirement of grape plant were used porous clay capsules for sub irrigation with height and diameter of 12 cm and 3.5 cm and dripper with Neta film type for drip irrigation, respectively. Porous clay capsules provided from soil science group at Tarbiat Modares University. In this research, the volume of water delivered to grape plants during entire growth period in two different irrigation methods was measured separately with water-meters installed at all laterals. The water consumption, yield production and water use efficiency were evaluated and compared in two drip and porous clay irrigation systems at veraison phonological stages. In the veraison stages, cluster weight, cluster length, solid solution and pH content were measured in grape fruits. Leaf chlorophyll content and leaf water content were also measured in two irrigation systems.
Results and Discussion: The results of fruit quality characteristics showed that cluster weight, cluster length, solid solution and pH content has not significant different at 5% level in two system irrigation. Also, the foliar analysis showed that chlorophyll content and relative humidity of leaf has not been affected in two irrigation systems. Meanwhile, irrigation types were significantly effect on water consumption and water use efficiency. The average water consumption and yield production with buried clay capsules and drip irrigation methods on grapevine plant were 4050 and 6668 M3.ha-1 and 14.2 and 14.8 Ton.ha-1 respectively. The reducing water consumption with buried clay capsules irrigation method in related to drip irrigation was 39% on grapevine plants. Meanwhile, the average yield production with buried clay capsules and drip irrigation methods on grapevine plant was 14.2 and 14.8 Ton.ha-1 respectively. Also, the statistics analysis show that the yield and component yield have not significant different at 5% level in the surface and subsurface irrigation. According to the water consumption and yield production, using buried porous clay capsules created a better water use efficiency than drip irrigation method. In other words, Iran has been localized at arid and semi arid and have huge water consumption in agriculture, and therefore it is necessary to optimize water consumption especially in agriculture using new technology. According to the results of this research, using buried porous clay capsules is recommended in order to optimize water consumption for grape plants in different place in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran.
Conclusion: The purpose of an efficient irrigation system is to apply the water in such a way that the largest fraction thereof is available for beneficial use by the plant. According to the experimental results reported here, it could be concluded that the reducing water consumption with buried clay capsules irrigation method in related to drip irrigation was 39% on grapevine plants. Meanwhile, the average yield production with buried clay capsules and drip irrigation methods on grapevine plant was 14.2 and 14.8 Ton.ha-1 respectively. Also, the statistics analysis show that the yield and component yield have not significant different at 5% level in the surface and subsurface irrigation. The final result, it could be concluded that the porous clay capsules have a good ability to providing water requirement of grape plant. The grape irrigation in huge area of Iran is doing with a traditional method and the authors of this work believe that porous clay capsules have a high water saving potential and good capability for irrigation of various types of crops.

Keywords: Grape plant, Porous pipe, Soil moisture, Water use efficiency, Yield

Keywords

Grape plant; Porous pipe; Soil Moisture; Water use efficiency; yield

References

1-Azar Pazhuh A., and Zabihi H.R. 2006. Determination of irrigation water duration of grape and it's effect on quantitative and quality of Grapevine and Rasins. The 16nd national congress of Iranian food science and technology, 2-13. (in Persian).

2-Bastani S. 2002. Sub surface irrigation pattern with clay pot tubes. 7th conference of Iranian National Committee on irrigation and Drainage, 26:1-22. (in Persian).

3- Behnia A., and Arab Fard M. 2004. The relationship between discharge and pressure in pitcher irrigation system. Agricultural Sciences and Technology Journal, 19(1):1-12. (in Persian).

4- Anonymous. 2002. Development trend and perspective of pressure irrigation in Iran. Iranian National Committee on irrigation and Drainage. Number report, 73. (in Persian).

5- Anonymous. 2009. Estimating water requirement of plants. Volume 2, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Soil and Water research Institute of Iran. (in Persian).

6- Tafazoli A., Hekmati J., and Firoozeh P. 1996. Grape. Shiraz University press, 343 Pp. (in Persian).

7- Jolaini M. 2011. Investigation the Effect of Different Water and Plastic Mulch levels on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato in Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Method. Journal of Water and Soil, 25( 5):1025-1032. (in Persian with English abstract).

8-Jolaini M., and Firoozabadi H.R. 2012. Investigation the Effect of Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Methods and Irrigation Interval on Yield Quality and Quantity of Cotton. Journal of Water and Soil, 26(3):736-742. (in Persian with English abstract).

9- Rabiei V., Talaie A., Peterlonger E., Ebadi A., and Ahmadi A. 2003. Effect of Late Season Deficit Irrigation on Fruit Composition in Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Merlot. Iranian, J. Agric. Sci. 34(4): 961-968. (in Persian with English abstract).

10- Dolati Baneh H., and Noorjoo A. 2011. Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Quantitative and Quality Traits of Fruit and Water Productivity of Three Grapevine Cultivars. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 27(3):435-450. (in Persian with English abstract).

11- Sepahvand M. 2009. Comparison of water requirement, water productivity, and economic productivity in wheat and canola at west of Iran country. IWRJ, 3(4):63-66. (in Persian).

12- Seeyedian M., and Ghadami FirouzAbadi A. 2002. Evaluation of irrigation systems efficiency and introducing best item in order to increasing irrigation yield on Hamedan province. Management and planning organization, 250 Pp. (in Persian).

13- Shakeri A. 2010. Micro-economic volume 2. Nashr-e-Fann. 549 Pp. (in Persian).

14- Keramatzadeh A., Chizari A.H., and Sharzei G. 2012. The Role of Water Market in Determining the Economic Value of Irrigation Water Through Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 42(1):27-43. (in Persian with English abstract).

15-Majdzadeh B., NekooAmal M., and Rahnama B. 2008. Evaluation of clay pot irrigation yield on greenhouse cucumber tree. 2nd national conference of irrigation and drainage network management. (in Persian).

16-Abu-Zreig M.M., Abe Y., and Isoda H. 2006. The auto-regulative capability of pitcher irrigation system. Agricultural Water Management, 85 (3):272–278.

17-Bainbridge D.A. 2001. Buried clay pot irrigation a little known but a very efficient traditional method of irrigation. Agriculture Water Management (48): 79-88.

18-Bainbridge D.A. 2002. Alternative Irrigation Systems for Arid Land Restoration. Ecological Restoration, 20 (1).

19-Chaves M.M., Santos T.P., Souza C.R., Ortun M.F., Rodrigues M.L., Lopes C.M., Maroco J.P., and Pereira J.S. 2007. Deficit irrigation in grapevine improves water-use efficiency while controlling vigour and production quality. Ann Appl Biol, 150: 237–252.

20-Du Y.P., Wang Z.S., Sun Q.H., Zhai H., and Wang Z.Y. 2008. Evaluation on grape phylloxera resistance in several grape varieties and rootstocks. Acta Entomol. Sci., 51, 33-39.

21-Lgbadun H.E., and Barnabas J. 2013. Hydraulic charasteristics of porous clay pipes for subsurface irrigation. Pacefic Journal of Science and Technology, 14(1):40-47.

22-Matthews M.A., and Nuzzo V. 2007. Berry size and yield paradigms on grapes and wines quality. Acta Horticulturae, 754: 423–435.

23-Oldemyer R.K., Erichsen A.W., and suzuki A. 1977. Effects of harvest date on performance of sugar beet hybrids. J . Am . Soc . sugar beet Technol, 19 : 294-306.

24-Schultz H.R. and Stoll. M. 2010. Some critical issues in environmental physiology of grapevines:future challenges and current limitations. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16, 4–24.

25-Schultz H.R. 1996. Water relations and photosynthetic responses of two grapevine cultivars of different geographical origin during water stress. Acta Horticulturae, 427: 251–266.

26-Shelli K.C. 2006. Vine and Berry Response of Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) to Differential Water Stress. Am. J. Enol. Vitic, 57(4):514-18.

27-Siyal A.A., Siyal A.G., and Hasini M.Y. 2011. Crop production and water use efficiency under subsurface porous clay pipe irrigation. Pak. J. Agri. Engg, 27 (1):39-50.

28-Siyal A.A., and Skaggs T.H. 2009. Measured and simulated soil wetting patterns under porous clay pipe sub-surface irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 96(6):893-904.

29-Vasudevan P., Thapliyal A., Sen P.K., Dastidar M.G., and Davis P. 2011. Buried clay pot efficient and controlled water delivery. Journal of Scientific and industrial Research, 70: 645-652.