تاثیر کاربرد تلفیقی باکتری‌های حل کننده‌ی فسفات و کود فسفر بر رشد و عملکرد کنجد

آب و خاک

مقاله 11، دوره 29، شماره 4، پاییز 1394، صفحه 991-1003  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.36272

نویسندگان

سبحه نیک‌مهر؛ عبدالرضا اخگر

دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

باکتری‌های حل کننده‌ی فسفات از جمله باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه هستند که شکل‌های نامحلول آلی و معدنی فسفر را با مکانیسم‌های مستقیم به شکل‌های قابل دسترس تبدیل نموده و به بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه کمک می‌کنند. در این تحقیق اثر کاربرد باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات و کود فسفری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه روغنی کنجد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج سطح فسفر (P0: بدون مصرف کود فسفر، P1: 100 کیلوگرم، P2: 200 کیلوگرم، P3: 400 کیلوگرم بر هکتار سوپرفسفات‌تریپل و P4: 1200 کیلوگرم بر هکتار خاک فسفات) و سه سطح باکتری (B0: بدون تلقیح باکتری، B1 و :B2 به ترتیب جدایه های P3 و P5 از باکتری های سودوموناس فلورسنت با توانایی بالا در حل فسفات‌های معدنی نامحلول) و سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد باکتری باعث افزایش معنی دار وزن خشک اندام هوایی شد و باکتری B1 علاوه بر این وزن خشک بذر را نیز به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. کاربرد کود فسفر وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ارتفاع ساقه را به‌طور معنی‌دار افزایش داد. هم‌چنین نتایج نشان داد کاربرد خاک فسفات، مقدار روغن بذر را به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. باکتری B2 غلظت فسفر بذر را نسبت به شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. کاربرد کود فسفر نیز جذب فسفر و روی اندام هوایی و غلظت فسفر و روی بذر را به‌طور معنی‌دار افزایش داد. کاربرد هم‌زمان خاک فسفات و باکتری حل کننده فسفات بیشتر پارامترهای اندازه‌گیری شده را مشابه کاربرد مقادیر بالای سوپرفسفات‌تریپل به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خاک فسفات؛ سوپر فسفات تریپل؛ سودوموناس‌ فلورسنت

مراجع

1- Abdel Megeed A. and Abou El Seoud I.I. 2012. Impact of rock materials and biofertilizations on P and K availability for Maize (Zea maize) under clacareous soil conditions. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 19:55-63.

2- Afzal A. and Bano A. 2008. Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Improve the Yield and Phosphorus Uptake in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 10:85-88.

3- Ahmadi, J., Seyfi, M.M. and Amini, M. 2012. Effect of spraying micronutrients Fe, Zn and Ca on grain and oil yield of sesame (Sesamus indicum L.) varieties. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 5:115-130. (In Persian with English abstract)

4- Alexander D.B. and Zuberer D.A. 1991. Use of chrome azurol reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 12:39–45.

5- Appanna V. 2007. Efficacy of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from vertisols on growth and yield parameters of sorghum. Research Journal of Microbiology, 2:550-559.

6- Benizri E., Courtade A., Picard C. and A. Guchert, 1998. Role of maize root exudates in the production of auxins by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil biology and biochemistry, 30:1481-1484.

7- Bent E., Tuzan S., Chanway C.P. and Enebak S. 2001. Alteration in plant growth and in root hormone levels of lodgepole pines inoculated with rhizobacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 47:793-800.

8- Cao G., Zhang J., Bao X. and Zhou D. 1999. The phosphorus cycling in an alpine meadow. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 19:514-518.

9- Chen Y.P., Rekha P.D., Arun A.B., shen F.T., Lai W.A. and Young C.C. 2006. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology, 34:33-41.

10- Chen Z., Ma S. and Liu L. 2008. Studies on phosphorus solubilizing activity of a strain of phosphobacteria isolated from chestnut type soil in China. Bioresource Technology, 99:6702-6707.

11- Cottenie A. 1980. Methods of Plant Analysis. In: Soil and Plant Testing. FAO Soils Bulletin 38:64-100.

12- Ekin Z. 2011. P-solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus fertilizer applications to sunflower improve seed set, seed filling efficiency and concentration of macro and micro nutrients of seeds. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 16:183-189.

13- Esitken A., Yildiz H.E., Ercisli S., Donmez M.F., Turan M. and Gunes A. 2010. Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on yield, growth and nutrient contents of organically growth strawberry, Scientia Horticulture, 124:62-66.

14- Figueiredo M.V.B., Seldin L., Araujo F.F. and Mariano R.L.R. 2010. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Pp.21-43.

15- Goldstein A.H. 1995. Recent Progress in Understanding the Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry of Calcium Phosphate Solubilization by Gram Negative Bacteria. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 12:185-193.

16- Grant C., Bittman S. Montreal M. Plenchette C. and Morel C. 2005. Soil and fertilizer phosphorus: Effects on plant P supply and mycorrhizal development. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85:3-14.

17- Hasanpour R., Pirdashti H., Esmaeili M.A. and Abbasian A. 2012. Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial (PGPR) and nitrogen on qualitative characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 11:662-665.

18- Havlin, J.L., Tisdale S.L., Nelson W.L. and Beaton J.D. 2005. Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management. An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 8th (Ed). Pearson/ Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River.

19- Inskeep W.P. and Silvertooth J.C. 1988. Inhibition of hydroxyapatite precipitation in the presence of fulvic, humic, and tannic acids. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 52:941-946.

20- Islam T. and Hossain M. 2012. Plant Probiotics in Phosphorus Nutrition in crops, with special reference to Rice. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. Pp.325-363.

21- Khan M. S., Zaidi A., Ahemad M., Oves M. and Wani P. A. 2010. Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing fungi-current perspective. Archives of Agronomy Soil Science, 5:73-98.

22- Kiani Ersi, M., Noue Parast, M. and Amini, A. 2010. Concentration of Sedimentary phosphate ore using shaking table and leaching with acetic acid. International Conference on Mining. October 18 -21.

23- Kim K.Y., Jordan D. and McDonald G.A. 1997. Solubilization of hydroxyapatite by Enterobacter agglomerans and Cloned Escherichia coli in culture medium. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 24: 347-352.

24- Krey T., Vassilev N., Baum C. and Eichler-Löbermann B. 2013. Effects of long-term phosphorus application and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on maize phosphorus nutrition under field conditions. European Journal of Soil Biology, 55:124-130.

25- Mehrvarz S., Chaich M.R. and Alikhani H.A. 2008. Effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of Barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environment Science, 3:822-828.

26- Mikanova O. and Novakova J., 2002. Evaluation of the P-solubilizing activity of soil microorganisms and its sensitivity to soluble phosphate. Rostlinna Vyroba. UZPI, 48:397-400.

27- Muleta D., Assefa F., Hjort K., Roosand S. and Granhall U. 2009. Characterization of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Wild )Coffea arabica L.(. Engineering in Life Sciences, 9:100-108.

28- Muleta D., Assefa F., Borjesson E. and Granhall U. 2013. Phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria associated with (Caffea arabica L.) in natural coffee forests of southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 12:73-84.

29- Nahas E. 1996. Factors determining rock phosphate solubilization by microorganism isolated from soil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12:567-572.

30- Omidian A., Siadat S.A., Naseri R. and Moradi M. 2012. Effect of foliar application of zinc sulphate on grain yield, oil and protein content in four rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 14(1):16-28. (In Persian with English abstract)

31- Panhwar Q.A., Radziah O., Rahman Zaharah A., Sariah M. and Mohd Razi I. 2011. Role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on rock phosphate solubility and growth of aerobic rice. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32:607-612.

32- Rodriguez H., Fraga Gonzalezand R.T. and Bashan Y. 2006. Genetics of phosphate solubilization and its potential applications for improving plant growth-promoting bacteria. Plant and Soil, 287:15-21.

33- Schachtman D.P., Reid R.J. and Ayling S.M. 1998. Phosphorus uptake by plants: from soil to cell. Plant Physiology, 116:447-453.

34- Schipper L.A., Sparling G.P., Fisk L.M., Dodd M.B., Power I.L. and Litter R.A. 2011. Rates of accumulation of cadmium and uranium in a New Zealand hill farm soil as a result of long-term use of phosphate fertilizer. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 144:95-101.

35- Sperber J.I. 1958. The incidence of apatite-solubilizing organisms in the rhizosphere and soil. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 9:778-781.

36- Troussellier M., Bonnefont J.L., Courties C., Derrien A., Dupray E., Gauthier M., Gourmelon M., Joux F., Lebaron P., Martin Y. and Pommepuy M. 1998. Responses of enteric bacteria to environmental stresses in seawater. Oceanologica Acta, 21:1- 6.

37- Vlassak K. Van HolmDuchateau L.V., Vanderleyden J. and De Mot R.D. 1992. Isolation and characterization of fluorescent pseudomonas associated with the roots of rice and banana growth in Srilanka. Plant and Soil, 145:51-63.

38- Walpola B.C. and Yoon M.H. 2013. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their co-inoculation efficiency on tomato plant growth and phosphorous uptake. African Journal of Microbiology, 7:266-275.

39- Yilmaza A., Ekiza H., Torunb B., Gultekina I., Karanlikb S., Bagcia S.A. and Cakmak I. 1997. Effect of different zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc concentration in wheat cultivars grown on zinc-deficient calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutritio, 20:461-471.

40- Yu, X., Liu X., Zhu T.H. and Liuand G.H. 2012. Co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilzing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on solubilization of rock phosphate and their effect on growth promotion and nutrient uptake by walnut. European Journal of Soil Biology, 50:112-117.

41- Zafar M., Rahim N., Shaheen A., Khaliq A., Arjamand T., Jamil Rehman Z.U. and Sultan T. 2011. Effect of combining poultry manure, inorganic phosphorus fertilizers and phosphate solublizing bacteria on growth, yield, protein content and P uptake in maize. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics-International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 3:46-58.

42- Zaki M.F., Fawzy Z.F., Ahmed A.A. and Tantawy A.S. 2012. Application of phosphate dissolving bacteria for improving growth and productivity of two sweet peppers (capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars under newly reclaimed soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6:826-839.