بررسی اثرات فاضلاب شهری و کمپوست زباله شهری بر برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک

آب و خاک

مقاله 10، دوره 29، شماره 6، اسفند 1394، صفحه 1612-1628   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v29i6.36759

نویسندگان

مسعود شاکرمی؛ صفر معروفی^* ؛ قاسم رحیمی

دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

استفاده از پسماندهای فاضلاب شهری و کمپوست زباله شهری در زمین های کشاورزی، به عنوان راه حلی مؤثر جهت مقابله با کمبود آب و همچنین جلوگیری از انباشت زباله در شهرها است. استفاده از این پسماندها خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک را تحت تاثیر قرار خواهند داد. به منظور بررسی اثرات فاضلاب شهری و کمپوست زباله شهری بر برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمایی خاک، تحقیق حاضر به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل چهار نوع آب آبیاری: فاضلاب خام (1W)، پساب تصفیه شده (2W)، ترکیب50 درصد فاضلاب خام و آب معمولی (3W) و آب معمولی (4W) و همچنین چهار سطح کمپوست: 0 (1C)، 40 (2C)، 80 (3C) و 120 تن در هکتار (4C) بودند. بستر کشت شامل 48 عدد لایسیمتر حجمی با ابعاد 126×30×30 سانتیمتر بود که پس از آماده‌سازی، گیاه ریحان(Ocimum Basilicum) در آنها کشت گردید. خاک درون لایسیمترها دارای سه لایه: فوقانی (بافت رسی)، لایه میانی (لوم رسی) و لایه پایینی (لوم رسی شنی) بود.در پایان دوره کشت، نمونه های خاک جمع‌آوری و میزان هدایت هیدرولیکی، مقادیر جرم مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی، تخلخل، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم آنها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که نوع آب آبیاری بر تمامی پارامترها و میزان کمپوست نیز بر تمامی پارامترها به جزء جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک اثرمعنی داری دارند. کاربرد کمپوست و فاضلاب، مقادیر جرم مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی خاک را کاهش اما مقادیر تخلخل و هدایت هیدرولیکی را افزایش داد. دامنه تغییرات هدایت هیدرولیکی (82/23 تا 61/35 میلیمتر در ساعت)، جرم مخصوص ظاهری (41/1 تا 43/1 گرم در سانتیمتر مکعب)، جرم مخصوص حقیقی (51/2 تا 57/2 گرم در سانتیمتر مکعب)، تخلخل کل (88/42 تا 19/45 درصد)، نیتروژن (06/0 تا 08/0 درصد)، فسفر (46/14 تا 28/23 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) و پتاسیم (22/393 تا 84/519 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) در تمامی تیمارها در نوسان بود، به طورکلی نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر اثر فاضلاب و کمپوست بر افزایش هدایت هیدرولیکی خاک و همچنین افزایش عناصر غذایی خاک می‌باشد. به دلیل خطراتی همچون شوری خاک و آبشویی نیتروژن، پیشنهاد می گردد، استفاده از فاضلاب و کمپوست در درازمدت، با مدیریت صحیح صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آب آلوده؛ پسماندها؛ خصوصیات خاک؛ لایسیمتر؛ هدایت هیدرولیکی

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