اثرات آتش سوزی بر خصوصیات خاک، فرسایش و رژیم هیدرولوژی حوضه آبخیز دریاچه زریبار

آب و خاک

مقاله 2، دوره 30، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 46، تیر 1395، صفحه 618-631   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v30i2.48630

نویسندگان

شیرکو ابراهیمی محمدی^{* 1}؛ محمود آذری²؛ اسماعیل منوچهری³

¹دانشگاه کردستان

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³اداره کل منابع طبیعی استان کردستان

چکیده

آتش سوزی یکی از مهم ترین عوامل تخریب جنگل ها و مراتع کشور به خصوص اکوسیستم های حساس جنگل های بلوط زاگرس می‌باشد لذا در این پژوهش به کمک شبیه ساز باران و استقرار پلات های 25/0 متر مربعی در بخش های آتش گرفته و طبیعی کف‌پوش جنگلی در دو کلاس عمده شیب (کم‌تر از 30 درصد و 30 تا 60 درصد) شرق حوضه آبخیز دریاچه زریبار در استان کردستان اثرات آتش سوزی بر وضعیت خاک سطحی (عمق 5 سانتی‌متر) شامل بافت، ذخیره رطوبتی، درصد ماده آلی و درصد کربن آلی کل، آبگریزی، pH و EC و هم چنین تولید روان آب و رسوب مطالعه گردید. میزان رطوبت نمونه ها به روش وزنی، pH و EC عصاره خاک توسط دستگاه پورتابل آزمایشگاهی، درصد کربن آلی کل و درصد مواد آلی به روش اکسیداسیون مرطوب اندازه‌گیری شدند. میزان روان آب و رسوب خروجی از پلات به مدت سی دقیقه، هر پنج دقیقه یکبار توسط بطری های پلاستیکی یک لیتری جمع آوری و حجم روان آب با استفاده از روش وزنی، غلظت رسوب معلق از روش خشک کردن در دمای 105 درجه سانتی گراد و نفوذپذیری و گیرش با ارزیابی بیلان آبی و با تفاضل آب نزولی بر پلات و روان آب ایجاد شده محاسبه شدند. نتایج بیانگر تأثیر آتش سوزی بر کاهش ذخیره رطوبتی، درصد ماده آلی و کربن آلی کل خاک و هم چنین افزایش ناچیز pH و هدایت الکتریکی و از طرفی عدم تاثیر آتش سوزی بر بافت خاک در هر دو کلاس‌ شیب بود. افزایش معنی دار آبگریزی خاک و روان آب در سطح اعتماد 95% در هر دو کلاس شیب و رسوب درشیب های کم تر از 30 درصد از دیگر اثرات آتش سوزی در منطقه مورد مطالعه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبگریزی؛ پلات فرسایشی؛ رسوب؛ روان آب؛ مواد آلی

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