Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Partial Root – Zone Drying on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Two Potato Cultivars

آب و خاک

Article 1, Volume 30, Issue 3 - Serial Number 47, July 2016, Pages 717-729   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jsw.v30i3.42913

Authors

bijan haghighati^{* 1}; saeed Broomand Nasab²; AbdAli Naseri³

¹Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Research Center, Shahrekord

²Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz

³Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz

Abstract

Introduction: Potato is one of the main products of agriculture in feeding the world's population and agricultural economy. The production of potato in the world occupies the forth place after wheat, rice and corn. In Iran, annual production of more than 5.5 million tons potato, has made this crop the most important food after wheat. On the other hand, in arid and semi-arid regions, water is the most important limiting factor for production of agricultural crops such as potato. Considering the water use efficiency is one of the most effective ways to deal with the water crisis and increasing the quality and quantity of agricultural productions. Production increasing per unit of water consumed (increasing water productivity) by improving the selection of plant varieties, irrigation management and use of new irrigation methods may be feasible.
Material and Methods: The research was performed in the Chahartakhteh research station (32° 18' N. and 50° 55' E.) with 2090 m height above sea level and semi-humid climate with moderate summers and cold winters. Average annual rainfall is about 320 mm mostly during winter. The soil moisture and temperature regimes are Typic Xeric and Mesic, respectively. Soil texture is silty clay.
In order to determine the best method of deficit irrigation for optimizing water use efficiency and yield of two potato cultivars, an experiment was performed in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari farm in 2013. The experiment was based on randomized completely blocks with split - split plot design in three replications. The furrow and tape drip irrigation methods were as the main plots, two potato cultivars as sub plot units and four deficit irrigation managements as the secondary sub plot units including CI(100%), RDI80(80%), RDI65(65%) of available water depletion (AWD) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) during full growth period.
Almera and Burren cultivars are two new cultivars of high yield and quality of early growth period of approximately 90-80 days, high compatibility with Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari climate and more regions of Iran.
Results and Discussion: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of studied factors showed that the deficit irrigation management on tuber yield (ton/ha), tuber yield per plant, the amount of starch, soluble sugar, proline, chlorophyll, water use efficiency, and water productivity were significant (P≤0.01). Effects of cultivar on tuber total yield, tuber yield per plant, soluble sugar, water use efficiency, and water productivity were significant (P≤0.01). The interaction between cultivar and deficit irrigation management was only significant (P≤0.05) on tuber yield (ton/ha), proline, water use efficiency and water productivity.
The results showed that Burren cultivar in comparison with Almera was better in tuber yield (19%), water productivity (20%), water use efficiency (19%), and resistance of draught in all deficit irrigation treatments. Maximum tuber yield (59.02 ton/ha) was obtained in Burren cultivar under complete irrigation. Minimum tuber yield (23.1 ton/ha) was obtained in Almera cultivar under deficit irrigation management RDI65 (65% of available water depletion). The maximum water use efficiency (16.79 Kg/m3) and water productivity (14.78 Kg/m3) were obtained under tape irrigation and partial root-zone drying (PRD) treatment. The minimum water use efficiency (7.46 Kg/m3) and water productivity (4.81 Kg/m3) were obtained under furrow irrigation and deficit irrigation management RDI65.
Effect of cultivar was not significant on amount of irrigation water during the growing season. The amount of irrigation water for two cultivars was the same and 4711 m3.ha-1. The amount of irrigation water in the different deficit irrigation managements showed that the highest water use was in CI (5615 m3 ha-1) and lowest water use was in deficit irrigation management RDI65 (4065 m3 ha-1) treatments.
Deficit irrigation management RDI80 ،PRD and RDI65 in comparison with CI led to reduction of irrigation water amount 16, 21 and 28% of irrigation water amount.
Conclusion: Due to the results of this study, the high consumption of water in agriculture, for optimal use of available water resources, the methods with high water use efficiency and productivity, such as tape irrigation, the PRD irrigation management and the use of drought resistant cultivars is recommended. According to the limitation of water resources, for optimizing water use, the best suggestion for reducing water use on potato, is using Burren cultivar with suitable quality and high yield potential, and deficit irrigation management (PRD).

Keywords

Furrow; Tape; Water Productivity

References

1- Aghaei K., Ehsanpour A. A., and Komatsu S. 2008. Proteome analysis of potato under salt stress. Journal of Proteome Research, 7, 4858–4868.

2- Agriculture statistical databases. 2012.volume 1 crops product 2010-2011. (in Persian) .

3- Ahmadi S. H., Agharezaee M., Kamgar-Haghighi A., and Sepaskhah A.R. 2014. Effects of dynamic and static deficit and partial root zone drying irrigation strategies on yield, tuber sizes distribution, and water Productivity of two field grown potato cultivars. Agric. Water Manage., 134: 126-136. (in Persian with English abstract).

4- Albaji M. 2010. Effect of full irrigation,regulated deficit irrigation and Partial Root Zone Drying method on yield, yield components, water productivity and water use efficiency in sunflower. Ph.D thesis. Shahid Chamran University 0f Ahwaz. (in Persian with English abstract).

5- Ayas S. 2013. The effects of different regimes on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Hermes) yield and quality characteristics under unheated greenhouse conditions. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 19: 87-95.

6- Du T., Kang Sh., Sun J., Zhang X., and Zhang J. 2010. An improved water use efficiency of cereals under temporal and spatial deficit irrigation in north China. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 66– 74.

7- Ebrahimipak N. 2011. The effect of deficit irrigation on yield and yield component Potato. Soil and Water Research Institute. Issue number 1695. . (in Persian with English abstract)

8- Ehsani M., and Khalidi h. 2003. Identifying and agricultural water productivity to ensure food security and water. Proceeding of the Eleventh Conference of Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. 657-674. (in Persian)

9- Eskandari, A., Khazaie, H.R., Nezami, A. and Kafi, M. 2011. Study the effects of irrigation regimes on yield and some qualitative characteristics of three cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). J. Water Soil. 25: 2. 240-247. (in Persian with English abstract).

10- FAO. FAOSTAT. Agriculture. Rome, 2010. Available in http://faostat. fao. org/ faostat/ collections? subset=agriculture. Accessed at: April 2010.

11- Fabeiro C., Santa Olalla, F. and de Juan, J.A. 2001. Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes. Agric Water Manage, 48: 255–266.

12- Farooq M., Wahid A., Kobayashi N., Fujita D., and Basra S. M. A. (2009). Plant drought stress effects. Mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29: 185-212.

13- Jaleel C. A., Sankar B., Murali P. V., Gomathinayagam M., Lakshmanan G. M. A., and Panneerselvam R. 2008. Water deficit stress effects on reactive oxygen metabolism in Catharanthus roseus L. Impact on ajmalicine accumulation. Colloids Surfaces. Biointerfaces, 62: 105-111.

14- Jafarian, S. 2000. Effect of pre heating and use of some of hydrocolloids in reduction oil

uptake and quality of potato French fries. A thesis Submitted to Msc degree of food science and technology, Isfahan University of technology, 120p.

15- Kang S., and Zhang J. 2004. Controlled alternate partial root- Zone irrigation: its physiological consequences and impact on water use efficiency. Journal of experimental botany, 5: 2437–2446.

16- king B.A., and Stark G.C. 1997. Potato irrigation management. university of idaho cooperative extention system. bulletin no 789: 16.

17- Liu F., Shahnazari A., Andersen M.N., Jacobsen S.E., and Jensen. C.R. 2006. Effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root drying (PRD) on gas exchange, biomass partitioning, and water use efficiency in potato Scientia Horticulturae 109: 113–117

18- Masoudi-Sadaghiani F., Abdollahi Mandoulakani B., Zardoshti M.R., Rasouli-Sadaghiani M.H., and Tavakoli A. 2011. Response of proline, soluble sugars, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to different irrigation regimes in greenhouse condition. AJCS., 5(1): 55-60.

19- Mohammadkhani N., and Heidari R. 2008. Effects of drought stress on soluble proteins in two maize varieties. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32: 23-30.

20- Monakhova O. F., and Chernyadev I. I. 2002. Protective role of kartolin-4 in wheat plants exposed to soil drought. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 38: 373-380.

21- Najaf Zadeh S., and Ehsanpour A. 2012. Effect of drought stress on some physiological parameters of two potato cultivars (Kenebec and Concord) under in vitro culture condition. Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal,2(1): 70-81. (in Persian with English abstract)

22- Rezai E., and Soltani A. 1996. Cultivation potatoe. Second Edition. Publications Mashhad University Jihad. (In Persian).

23- Serraj R., and Sinclair T. R. 2002. Osmolyte accumulation: an it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions? Plant, Cell and Environment, 25: 333–341.

24- Shahnazari A., Liu F., Andersen M.N., Jacobsen S.E., and Jensen. C.R. 2007. Effects of partial root-zone drying on yield, tuber size and water use efficiency in potato under field conditions. Field crop research, 100: 117- 128

25- Shock C.C., Shock B.M., and Welch T. 2013. Strategies for Efficient Irrigation Water Use. Oregon State University, Sustainable Agriculture Techniques, 1-7.

26- Shayannejad M. 2009. Effect of Deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoes with a furrow irrigation practices among Shahrekord. Journal of Water and Soil, 22(1):131-140. (in Persian with English abstract)

27- Shayannejad M. 2011. Effects of water stress on quality characteristics of wheat and potatoe. Journal of Water research in Agriculture, 24(1): 65-71. (in Persian with English abstract)

28- Yactayo W., Ramirez D.A., Gutierrez R., Mares V., Posadas A., and Quiroz R. 2013. Effect of partial root-zone drying irrigation timing on potato tuber yield and water use efficiency. Agric. Water Manage., 123: 65-70.