اثر تلفیق اوره با کود دامی و دو نوع کمپوست (لجن فاضلاب و پسماند شهری) بر عملکرد دانه، برگ و ساقه گندم و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم آن‌ها

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 63، فروردین 1398، صفحه 63-81   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i1.73420

نویسندگان

نصرت اله نجفی^* ؛ راشد احمدی نژاد؛ ناصر علی اصغرزاد؛ شاهین اوستان

دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

برای استفاده مؤثر از کودهای شیمیایی و آلی، کاهش آلودگی محیط‌زیست و دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار، مصرف تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی توصیه شده است. لذا، این پژوهش برای بررسی تأثیر تلفیق کود دامی، کمپوست پسماند شهری و کمپوست لجن فاضلاب شهری با اوره بر عملکرد و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم دانه، برگ و ساقه گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) رقم الوند، در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 15 تیمار و سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه­ای و در کرت‌هایی به ابعاد 2 × 9/1 متر مربع انجام شد. تیمارها شامل 1-شاهد (بدون مصرف کود آلی و اوره)، 2-کود اوره (kg/ha150)، 3-کود اوره (kg/ha300)، 4-کمپوست پسماند شهری (t/ha30)، 5-کمپوست پسماند شهری (t/ha30)+ کود اوره (kg/ha150)، 6-کمپوست پسماند شهری (t/ha60)، 7-کمپوست پسماند شهری (t/ha60)+ کود اوره (kg/ha150)، 8-کمپوست لجن فاضلاب شهری (t/ha30)، 9-کمپوست لجن فاضلاب شهری (t/ha30)+ کود اوره (kg/ha150)، 10-کمپوست لجن فاضلاب شهری (t/ha60)، 11-کمپوست لجن فاضلاب شهری (t/ha60) + کود اوره (kg/ha150)، 12-کود دامی (t/ha30)، 13-کود دامی (t/ha30) + کود اوره (kg/ha150)، 14-کود دامی (t/ha60)، و 15-کود دامی (t/ha60)+ کود اوره (kg/ha150) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف 300 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار نسبت به تیمار شاهد، عملکرد دانه و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم دانه، ساقه و برگ گندم را افزایش اما عملکرد ساقه را کاهش داد. مصرف 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار بر عملکرد برگ اثر معناداری نداشت اما تلفیق آن با 60 تن کمپوست پسماند شهری عملکرد برگ را نسبت به شاهد و 60 تن کمپوست پسماند شهری به‌طور معناداری افزایش داد. تلفیق 150 کیلوگرم اوره با 30 و 60 تن کمپوست لجن فاضلاب، کمپوست پسماند شهری و کود دامی عملکرد دانه و ساقه و غلظت نیتروژن و فسفر آن‌ها را نسبت به شاهد و اوره و کودهای آلی به‌تنهایی افزایش داد. مصرف کمپوست لجن فاضلاب، کمپوست پسماند شهری و کود دامی عملکرد دانه و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم دانه، ساقه و برگ گندم را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد اما اثر آن‌ها بر عملکرد ساقه و برگ به نوع کود آلی و سطح آن بستگی داشت. بیشترین عملکرد و غلظت نیتروژن و فسفر دانه، ساقه و برگ گندم در تیمارهای تلفیق کودهای آلی با اوره مشاهده شد. به‌طورکلی، در این پژوهش مشاهد شد که برای کاهش مصرف کود­های نیتروژن، بهبود تغذیه نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم گندم و بهبود کیفیت آن و افزایش عملکرد گندم، مصرف توأم 60 تن کود دامی و 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار بهترین تیمار بود. بااین‌حال، اگر کود دامی در دسترس نباشد، می‌توان مصرف 60 تن لجن فاضلاب شهری یا کمپوست پسماند شهری به همراه 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار را در شرایط مشابه توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پتاسیم؛ فسفر؛ کمپوست پسماند شهری؛ کود دامی؛ گندم؛ لجن فاضلاب؛ نیتروژن

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