تأثیر حذف ماده آلی بر شاخص‌های پسماند فسفر در خاک‌های آهکی

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 34، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 69، فروردین 1399، صفحه 97-114   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i1.80192

نویسندگان

معصومه مهدی زاده؛ عادل ریحانی تبار^* ؛ شاهین اوستان

دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

جذب و واجذب از فرآیندهای مهم اثرگذار بر شیمی فسفر در خاک‌ها می‌باشند. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر حذف ماده آلی خاک با محلول هیپوکلریت سدیم بر شاخص‌های پسماند فسفر در 12 نمونه خاک آهکی ایران با ویژگی‌های متفاوت انجام گرفت. برای این منظور 4 گرم از نمونه‌های خاک در لوله‌های سانتریفیوژ 50 میلی‌لیتری ریخته شد و پس از افزودن 40 میلی‌لیتر محلول هیپوکلریت سدیم (NaOCl) 6 درصد حجمی در pH برابر 8، به مدت 6 ساعت در دمای اتاق قرار داده شد. سپس سوسپانسیون سانتریفیوژ شده و محلول زلال رویی دور ریخته شد. بلافاصله 40 میلی‌لیتر از محلول هیپوکلریت سدیم 6 درصد اضافه و سوسپانسیون دوباره به مدت 6 ساعت در دمای اتاق قرار داده شد. این چرخه اکسایش 3 بار ادامه یافت. بعد از حذف ماده آلی، به‌منظور شست و شوی محلول هیپوکلریت سدیم اضافی، به بقایای خاک تیمار شده از مراحل فوق 40 میلی‌لیتر محلول زمینه کلرید کلسیم 01/0 مولار افزوده و سوسپانسیون تکان داده شد و پس از سانتریفیوژ محلول زلال رویی دور ریخته شد و این چرخه 3 بار ادامه یافت. پس از انجام مراحل فوق، خاک‌ها هوا خشک گردیدند. همدمای جذب فسفر در خاک‌ها با به تعادل رساندن خاک‌ها با محلول‌هایی با غلظت‌های متفاوت فسفر(5، 10، 20، 30، 40، 60، 80 و 100 میلی‌گرم فسفر بر لیتر) از منبع منو کلسیم فسفات و در محلول زمینه 01/0 مولار کلرید کلسیم به دست آمد. به‌منظور توصیف همدمای جذب و واجذب در خاک‌ها از مدل فروندلیچ استفاده شد. بر طبق نتایج حاصله در همه خاک‌ها پدیده پسماند مشاهده و جذب فسفر بعد از حذف ماده آلی برگشت‌ناپذیر شد. متوسط مقادیر فسفر واجذب‌شده در خاک‌ها بعد از حذف ماده آلی 40 درصد کاهش یافت.نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر شاخص چهارم پسماند که از ضریب توزیع (Kd) محاسبه شده بود با درصد رس (r= 0.69, p<0.05) و کربنات کلسیم فعال (p<0.05 r= 0.7,) همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار داشت. بر طبق نتایج به دست آمده از بین هفت شاخص پسماند، شاخص چهارم (HI4) می‌تواند به‌عنوان شاخص برتر معرفی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اکسایش؛ جذب؛ واجذب؛ هیپوکلریت سدیم؛ همدما

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