Determination of Nicosulfuron Persistence in Soil using Bioassay and Analytical Methods

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 9, Volume 36, Issue 1 - Serial Number 55, March 2022, Pages 97-108   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.2021.32817.0

Authors

E. Mamnoie¹; E. Izadi^{* 2}; M. Rastgoo²; M. A. Baghestani³; M. Hasanzade⁴

¹Assistant Professor of Plant Protection Research Department

²Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

³Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute

⁴Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences- Iran

Abstract

Introduction
 Widespread application of herbicides to control weeds during the past few decades has resulted in serious ecological and environmental problems, such as resistance and shifts in weed populations. Sulfonylurea herbicides are acetoacetate synthase inhibitors. These herbicides will be used effectively to control a wide range of grassy and broad leaf weeds. Nicosulfuron is one of the main ALS inhibitors that was registered for corn in Iran. Under certain conditions some sulfonylurea herbicides can persist at phytotoxic concentrations in soils long enough to affect sensitive crops in the following season. There are many factors affecting persistence of herbicides, included soil type, soil organic matter, soil pH, soil temperature and moisture. Bioassay and HPLC methods are the most common methods for determining herbicide residues in soil. HPLC methods is a time-consuming, costly, and expensive. But bioassay method is a simple, fast, and inexpensive that uses sensitive plants to detect low concentrations of residual in the soil. Several bioassay methods for sulfonylurea herbicides have been reported using lentil (Lens culinaris L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), corn (Zea mays L.) pea (pisum sativum L.), and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). This study was aimed to understanding the nicosulfuron persistence in soil using HPLC and bioassay methods.
Materials and Methods
 In order to study the soil persistence of nicosulfuron using bioassay and HPLC, an experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications in Research Field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2014-2015. Treatments included of the application of organic and bio-fertilizers in four different levels of cow manure (40 t ha^-1), vermicompost (10 t ha^-1), mycorrhiza (2.5 t ha^-1) fertilizers and control as first factor. The second factor was nicosulfuron doses (40 and 80 g a.i ha^-1), and the third factor was the application of nicosulfuron with and without of Hydromax adjuvant. The herbicide was applied at four leaf stages using an overhead trolley sprayer equipped with an 8002 flat fan nozzle tip delivering 200 L ha-1 at 2 bar spray pressure. To determine nicosulfuron residue in soil sampling was performed at different periods of 0, 2, 5, 8, 16, 30, 60, 90 days after spraying from 0-15 cm depth of soil. The herbicide residue was determined using HPLC and bioassay methods. Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) was the bio-indicator in bioassay method.
Results and Discussion
 Results showed by increasing of nicosulfuron dose, it’s soil residue increased, however; nicosulfuron half time (DT₅₀) was not affected. Application of Hydromax decreased nicosulfuron degradation rate (K) and increased its half-life of nicosulfuron. However, the application of organic and biological fertilizers increased degradation rate and decreased its half-life of nicosulfuron. So that the highest nicosulfuron degradation rate was indicated (0.066 and 0.073 μg kg^-1 soil) and the lowest DT₅₀ (10.5 and 9.50 days) were indicated in HPLC and bioassay methods respectively, when nicosulfuron applied in the dose of 40 g a.i ha^-   + cow manure mixed in soil. Based on the results, significant positive correlation (r² = 0.97) was observed between HPLC and bioassay methods in degradation rates and half-life of nicosulfuron herbicide. According to bioassay method, garden cress is high sensitive to nicosulfuron residue in soil. Therefore, garden cress especially it’s root bioassay is recommended as an acceptable method for nicosulfuron soil residue detection and can be used as desirable bio-indicator for tracing of nicosulfuron persistence and soil residue. 
Conclusion
 The application Hydromax decreased nicosulfuron degradation rate and increased DT50 of nicosulfuron. But organic fertilizers increased nicosulfuron degradation rate and decreased DT50. Based on this sudy results garden cress is desirable bio-indicator for tracing of nicosulfuron persistence in soil.

Keywords

Cow manure; Degradation rates; Garden cress; Half-life; Persistence

References

1. Barzoei, M., Izadi-Darbandi, E., Rashed-Mohassel, M., Rastgoo, M., & Hassanzadeh, M. (2019). The Effect of Organic and Biological Fertilizers on Persistence of Trifluralin Herbicide in Soil Using Gas Chromatography Method. Journal of Plant Protection 30: 289-299. (In Persian with English abstract)
2. Barzoei, M., Izadi-Darbandi, E., Rashed-Mohassel, M., Rastgoo, M., & Hassanzadeh, M. (2016). Estimate of Trifluralin Half-life in Soil by Bioassay Experiment. Journal of Plant Protection 30: 177-178. (In Persian with English abstract)
3. Chery, A.P., Robert, M.H., & Thomas, C.M. (2002). Dissipation of Nicosulfuron and Rimsulfuron in Surface Soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 4581–4585.
4. Chowdhury, A., Pradhan, S., Saha, M., & Sanyal, N. (2008). Impact of Pesticides on Soil Microbiological Parameters and Possible Bioremediation Strategies. Indian Journal of Microbiolog 48: 114-127.
5. Cobb, A.H., & Reade J.P.H. (2010) .The Inhibition of Amino Acid Biosynthesis. 176–199. Herbicides and Plant Physiology. 2^th UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 296 Pp.
6. El-Ibrahim, M.T., & Mahdizadeh, M. (2016). Assessing the Effect of Prometryn Soil Residue on Soil Microbial Biomass and Different Crops using Bioassay Test, Journal of Plant Protection 30: 337-346. (In Persian with English abstract)
7. Fakhrerad, S.F., Izadi Darbandi, E., Rashed-Mohasel, M.H., Hassanzadeh-Khayyat, M., & Nassirli, H. (2013). Investigation of Metribuzin Degradation in Soil and the Effect of Organic Manure on its Degradation and Half-life. Journal of Plant Protection 26: 467-476. (In Persian with English abstract)
8. Forouzangohar, N., Hagnia, G.H., & Koocheki, A. (2005). Organic Amendment to Enhance Atrazine and Metamitron Degradation in Two Contaminated Soils with Contrasting Textures. Soil and Sediment Contamination 14: 245- 355.
9. Ghassam, A.H., Alizadeh, M., Bihamta, R., & Ashrafi, Y. (2010). Bioassy to Use Herbicide Residue in Corn Using Cress (Lepidium sativum) as Sensitive Plant. 3rd Iranian Weed Science Congress. 17-18 February, Babolsar, Iran.
10. Gupta, S., & Gajbhiye V.T. (2002). Effect of Concentration, Moisture and Soil Type on the Dissipation of Flufenacet form Soil. Chemospher 47: 901-906.
11. Hollaway, K.L., Kookan, D.J., McQuin, D.J., Moerkerk, M.R., Noy, D.M., & Smal, M.A. (1999). Comparison of Sulfonylurea Herbicide Residue Detection in Soil by Bioassay Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and HPLC. Weed Research 39:383-397.
12. Izadi, E., Rashed, M.H., & Zand, E. (2011). Evaluation of Crops Sensitivity to Atrazine Soil Residual. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 8: 995-1001.
13. Izadi, E., Rashed-Mohassel, M.H., Mahmoudi, G., & Dehghan, M. (2013). Evaluation of Some Crops Tolerance to Granstar (Tribenuron methyl) Herbicide Soil Residual. Journal of Plant Protection 26: 362-369.
14. Janaki, P., Sharma, N., Chinnusamy, C., Sakthive, N., & Nithya, C. (2015). Herbicide Residues and Their Management Strategies. Indian Journal of Weed Science 47(3): 329–344.
15. Konda, L.N., & Pasztor, Z. (2001). Environmental Distribution of Acetochlor, Atrazine, Chlorpyrifos, and Propisochlor under Field Conditions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49: 3859-3863.
16. Kucharski, M., & Sadowski, J. (2006). Effect of Adjuvants on Herbicide residues Level in Soil and Plant. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection 20: 971-975.
17. Kucharski, M., & Sadowski, J. (2009). Degradation of Ethofumesate in Soil under Laboratory Conditions. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 18: 243–247.
18. Kucharski, M. (2007). Impact of Adjuvants on, Phenmedipham, Desmedipham and Ethofumesate Residues in Soil and Plant. Pestycydy 3-4: 53-59.
19. Kucharski, M., Sadowski, J., & Domaradzki, K. (2012). Degradation Rate of Chloridazon in Soil as Influenced by Adjuvants. Journal of Plant Protection Research 52: 114-117.
20. Maheswari, S.T., & Ramesh, A. (2007). Adsorption and Degradation of Sulfosulfuron in Soils. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 127: 97–103.
21. Mamnoie, E., Izadi-Darbandi, E., Rastgoo, M., Baghestani, M.A., & Hasanzade, M. (2018). Evaluating the Effects of soil Residue of Nicosulfuron Herbicide on Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Rapeseed (Brassica napus). Iranian Journal of Weed Science 12 (1), 79-96. (In Persian with English abstract)
22. Mueller, T.C., & Senseman, S.A. (2015). Methods Related to Herbicide Dissipation or Degradation under Field or Laboratory Conditions. Weed Science, Special Issue: 133–139.
23. Muller, K., Magesan, G.N., & Bolan, N.S. (2003). A Critical Review of the Influence of Effluent Irrigation on the Fate of Pesticides in Soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 120: 93-116.
24. Nielsen, O.K., Ritz, C.H., & Streibig, J.C. (2004). Nonlinear Mixed Model Regression to Analyze Herbicide Dose-Response Relationships. Weed Technology 18: 30-37.
25. Nosrati, A., Iranbakhsh, A.R., & Sabori, M.S. (2007). Investigation of Degradation and Shelf Life of Atrazine and 2,4-D Herbicides under Field Cnditions. Pajohesh-va-Sazandegi 75: 86-96.
26. Rahman, A., James, T.K., Trolove, M.R., & Dowsett, C. (2011). Factors Affecting the Persistence of Some Residual Herbicides in Maize Silage Fields. New Zealand Plant Protection 64: 125-132.
27. Rathod, P.H., & Patel, R.B.A. I. (2010). Persistence and Management of Dinitroaniline Herbicide Residues in Sandy Loam Soil. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 9: 53- 57.
28. Ritz, C., & Streibig, J.C. (2005). Bioassay Analysis Using R. Journal of Statistical Software 12:1-14.
29. Rodriguezcruz, M.S., Sanchez-Martin, M.J., Andrades, M.S., & Sanchez-Camazano, M. (2007). Retention of Pesticides in Soil Columns Modified in Situ and Ex Situ with a Cationic Surfactant. Science of the Total Environment 378, 1/2: 104–112.
30. Sabaie, J. (2002). Nicosulfuron: Alcoholysis, Chemical Hydrolysis, and Degradation on Various Minerals. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 526−531.
31. Shahbazi, S., Alizadeh, H., & Talebi-Jahromi, K. (2015). Study of Nicosufuron+Rimsulfuron (Ultima) Residues inMaize Filed by Bioassay. Iranian Journal of field Crop Science 46: 15-24.
32. Shahgholi, H., Makarian, H., Izadi-Darbandi, E., Darakhshan-Shadmehri, A., & Asghari, H.R. (2014). Evaluating the Effect of Biological and Organic Fertilizers on Metribuzin Herbicide Degradation and Persistence in Soil. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production 4: 91-110. (In Persian with English abstract)
33. Shrivastava, A., & Gupta, V. (2011). Methods for the Determination of Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation of the Analytical Methods. Chronicles of Young Scientists, 2: 21-25.
34. Soltani, (2014). Agricultural Experiment Analysis Plan: (with SAS programs). Jahad-e- Daneshgahi, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. 430 Pp. (In Persian with English abstract)
35. Tejada, M., Garcia-Martinez, A.M., Gomez, I., & Parrado, J. (2010). Application of MCPA Herbicide on Soils Amended with Bbio Stimulants, Short-Time Effects on Soil Biological Properties. Chemosphere 80: 1088–1094.
36. Tiryaki, O., & Temut, D. (2010). The Fate of Pesticide in the Environment. Journal of Environmental Science 4: 29- 38.
37. Vicari, A., Dinelli, G., & Catizone, P. (1998). Evaluation of the Biological Activity of 16 Sulfonylureas in Soil by Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Bioassay, Agrochimica 6:273–283.
38. Wang, H., Wu, L., & Yates, S. (2008). Residues of 14c- Metsulfuron Methyl in Chinese paddy Soil. Pest Management Soil 64, 10:1074-1079.
39. Wu, Q., Chen, X., Xu, Y., & Han, L. (2010). Dissipation and Residues of Nicosulfuron in Corn and Soil under Field Conditions. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 85(1): 79-82.
40. Yaghoubi, A.Z, Beheshtian, M., Sadeghi, S., & Younesi, O. (2008). Bioassay of Chlorsulfuron Residue in Soil by Using Cress (Lepidium sativum) Plant as an Indicator. Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 2: 178-184.