شناسایی رژیم بارش ناحیه خزری

آب و خاک

مقاله 10، دوره 35، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 77، مرداد و شهریور 1400، صفحه 445-459   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2021.67063.0

نویسندگان

حسین عساکره^{* 1}؛ نسرین ورناصری قندعلی²

¹استاد اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری تغییرات آب و هوایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از داده­های روزانه 385 ایستگاه ‌همدید، اقلیم‌شناسی و باران­سنجی سازمان هواشناسی کشور و ایستگاه‌های باران­سنجی وزارت­نیرو طی بازة زمانی 2016-1966 جنبه­های پنهان بارش و رژیم بارشی ناحیه خزری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا نقشه‌های بارش روزانه با تفکیک مکانی 3 × 3 کیلومتر ایجاد شد و برای هر پیکسل ایجاد شده در نقشه، افت­و­خیز سینوسی بارش 12 ماه سال براساس روش همسازها بررسی گردید. به­منظور شناسایی الگوهای مکانی بارش براساس سهم تناوب­های مختلف و نیز پهنه­بندی آن از شگرد تحلیل خوشه­ای استفاده­شد. سپس نمایه یکنواختی و فصلی بارش برآورد شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد، بیش­ترین ضریب­تغییرپذیری ماه­به­ماه بارش در خط ساحلی دریای خزر می­باشد. این وضعیت گویای تغییرات فراوان ماه­به­ماه و عدم ثبات فصل بارشی در این مناطق است، با دور شدن از خط ساحلی ضریب تغییرات نیز به­تدریج کاسته می­شود به‌طوری­که، کمینه آن در بخش­هایی از ارتفاعات البرز می­باشد. این امر گویای فعالیت سامانه‌های متنوع باران­زایی و یا حداقل تداوم سامانه­های باران­زا در این نقاط و ثبات فصل بارشی است. نمایه یکنواختی نشانگر این است، در بخش­های ساحلی دریای خزر توزیع بارش متمرکزتر است و با پیشروی به‌سمت مناطق جنوبی ناحیه توزیع زمانی بارش یکنواخت­تر می­گردد. نمایه­فصلی بارش بیانگر وجود سه نوع رژیم بارش است. کم­ترین وسعت مکانی مربوط به رژیم بارش یکنواخت می­باشد، که در بخش­های کوچکی از ارتفاعات البرز دیده­می­شود. گسترده­ترین رژیم بارشی مربوط به رژیم یکنواخت با یک فصل مرطوب­تر است. این رژیم بارشی در شرق و غرب ناحیه و جنوب دریای خزر مشاهده می­شود. رژیم سوم که به رژیم عمدتاً فصلی با یک فصل خشک کوتاه مربوط می­باشد، خط ساحلی دریای خزر، بخش­هایی از ارتفاعات تالش و بخش کوچکی از شرق ناحیه را پوشش می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رژیم بارش؛ ناحیه خزری؛ نمایه ضریب تغییرات؛ نمایه فصلی؛ نمایه یکنواختی

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