Abstract
In the present study, we are going to examine two variables of age and gender in “complaint speech act” in Persian. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of gender and age on the use of complaint speech act and ultimately its analysis in Persian language society. To this end, 21 Persian films, from family genres, were selected. Discourses containing complaint speech act were transcribed in Persian films and the age and gender variables were reviewed. Trosborg model was used for data analysis. He divided complaint speech act into 5 categories(hint, disapproval, accusation, blame and treat) and 7 sub categories (annoyance, ill consequence, direct accusation, indirect accusation, modified blame, blame (person), blame(behavior)). Statistical analysis was used to analyze gender and age effects, and the results were plotted at the tables and charts for a closer look. Statistical analysis showed that men use more complaint speech acts than women. Also, Men use direct complaints and women use indirect complaints more. In the Persian-speaking community, the young age group is the biggest user of the complaint. It seems as the age goes higher, the less willingness to use complaint acts occurs. It should be noted that the elderly and middle age groups use more direct complaints than child and young age groups. People use the most direct complaints and the least indirect complaints in conversations with younger people. |
- الستی،صدیقه.(1391).رابطۀ تحصیلات،سن و جنسیت با شیوۀ بیان تقاضا و پاسخ به آن. (مقطع کارشناسی ارشد). دانشگاه پیام نور.ص10.
- امیری مجد،زهرا.(1392).مطالعه مقایسه ای استفاده از کنش رفتاری شکایت توسط کاربران ایرانی و غیرایرانی در شبکههای اجتماعی.(مقطع کارشناسی ارشد).دانشکده زبانهای خارجه.دانشگاه شیخ بهایی.
- انباردار،زهرا.(1390).بررسی کنش شکایت و پاسخ به آن در گفتگوهای روزمره از نظر دانشجویان ایرانی.(مقطع کارشناسی ارشد).دانشکده علوم انسانی.دانشگاه پیام نور.
- بشارتی،شبنم.امیرارجمندی،نازنین.طاهری اسکویی،مرجان.(1396).بررسی سبک گفتار زنان قزوینبراساس دو متغیر سن و تحصیلات.رخسار زبان.1396.شماره 1. 108-94.
- ترادگیل،پیتر.(1376).زبان شناسی اجتماعی : درآمدی بر زبان و جامعه.ترجمۀ محمد طباطبایی.چاپ اول.تهران:انتشارات آگاه.
- نوشین فر،ویدا.(1374).زبان،جنسیت،اجتماع.(پایان نامه دورۀ کارشناسی ارشد).دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی.دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
- یول،جورج.(1947).بررسی زبان.ترجمه علی بهرامی.(1381).تهران:رهنما.صبا346-350.
- Akinci, Suhan. (1999). An Analysis of Complaints in Terms of Politeness in Turkish (Unpublished master’s thesis). Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Boxer, Diana. (1993). Social distance and speech behavior: The case of indirect complaints.Journal of pragmatics, 19(2), 103-125.
- Boxer, Diana. (1996). Ethnographic interviewing as a research tool in speech act analysis: The case of Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to communication in a second language, 217- 239.
- Brown, Penelope, & Levinson, Sally. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage(Vol.4). Cambridge university press.
- Koban-roess, Eva. ( 2013) Gender Differences in Complaint Behaviour and Implications for the Complaint Management Process. Conference: 7. Forschungsforum der Österreichischen Fachhochschulen At: Volume:7.Tagungsband.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260074631_Gender_Differences_in_Complaint_Behaviour_and_Implications_for_the_Complaint_Management_Process
- Labov, William. (1972). Sociolinguistics patterns. Philadelphia: University Press.
- Lakoff, Robin. (1973). Language and woman's place. Language in society, 2(1), 45-79.
- Monzoni, Cryptotriton.(2008).Introducing direct complaints through questions: the interactional achievement of pre-sequences'?. Discourse Studies, 10(1), 73-87.
- Nasiri Kakolaki,Leila & Shahrokhi, Mohsen.Gender Differences in Complaint Strategies among Iranian Upper Intermediate EFL Students. Studies in English Language Teaching (Online) Vol. 4, No. 1, 2016. scholink.org/ojs/index.php/selt
- Olshtain, Elite, & Weinbach, Liora. (1993). Interlanguage features of the speech act ofcomplaining. New York: Oxford University
- Olshtain, Elite. & Weinbach, Liora. (1988). Complaints-A study of speech act behavior among native and nonnative speakers of Hebrew. Tel Aviv University.
- Richards,Jack.,Platt,John.&Weber,Heidi.(1985).Long Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. England: Longman Ltd.
- Tabatabaee Irani,Asal.(2013).realization of politeness strategies in EFL learners and English native speakers complaint and request speech acts: Focusing on differences by gender and level of education. (Thesis of MA).School of Foreign Languages. Sheikhbahaee University.
- Trosborg, Anna. (1995). Interlanguage Pragmatics - Request, Complaint, and Apologize. Berline; New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Trudgill, Peter. (1972). Sex. Covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich. Language in Society. 1. 179-95.
- Yeganeh, Ali. (1996). Gender, age, and politeness: A cross-cultural study. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Isfahan University.
|
