تأثیر نانو ذرات نقره بر فعالیت میکروبی و جمعیت باکتریایی یک خاک آهکی با استفاده از qPCR

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 80، بهمن و اسفند 1400، صفحه 859-843   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2021.67908.1004

نویسندگان

سکینه بالنده¹؛ امیر لکزیان^{* 2}؛ علی جوادمنش³

¹دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

نانوذرات نقره (AgNPs) به دلیل خاصیت ضد میکروبی خود در بسیاری از محصولات تجاری استفاده می‌شوند. با توجه به مصرف بالای AgNPs آزاد شدن آن در محیط زیست دور از انتظار نمی‌باشد. AgNPs به عنوان یک آلاینده نو ظهور پذیرفته شده است و برای اکثر جوامع باکتریایی و قارچی سمی است. اگر چه انتظار می‌رود رفتار AgNPs در محیط پیچیده خاک تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلفی قرار بگیرد که بر روی خاصیت ضد میکروبی آن تاثیر می‌گذارد. به دلیل آگاهی از خطرات زیست محیطی و ارزیابی اثرات AgNPs بر فعالیت میکروبی خاک آزمایشی با دو شکل نقره (یونی و نانو) در 2 بازه زمانی انجام شد. غلظت‌های 5/0، 5، 10، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم AgNPs و AgNO₃ بر مبنای نقره به هر کیلوگرم خاک خشک اضافه و گرماگذاری شد. تاثیر هر دو ترکیب بر تنفس برانگیخته میکروبی، تعداد باکتری‌های هتروتروف، فعالیت آنزیم اوره‌آز و دهیدروژناز و جمعیت همه باکتری­های خاک با استفاده از qPCR برآورد شد. در نهایت با استفاده از شاخص­های زیستی فوق، نمودار شاخص زیستی کیفیت خاک رسم شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش غلظت AgNPs و AgNO₃، فعالیت دهیدروژناز و اوره‌آز خاک، تنفس برانگیخته میکروبی و تعداد باکتریای‌های خاک کاهش پیدا کرد؛ اما با گذشت زمان فقط فعالیت اوره‌آز خاک و جمعیت باکتری‌های هتروتروف افزایش پیدا کرد. نتایج شاخص زیستی کیفیت خاک نشان داد با افزایش غلظت AgNPs و AgNO₃ و گذشت زمان این شاخص نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بازدارندگی نقره به شکل یونی بر فعالیت میکروبی خاک به ویژه فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز بیشتر از شکل نانو آن بود. در حالی‌که فراوانی نسبی جمعیت باکتریایی خاک کاهش بیشتری در تیمار AgNPs نسبت به تیمار AgNO₃  نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اوره‌آز؛ دهیدروژناز؛ جمعیت باکتریایی؛ نانو ذرات نقره؛ qPCR

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