Granitoids of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone that are concurrent with Cimmerian Orogeny (178-160 Ma) belong to ilmenite series (S-type): investigation of reason for lacking the porphyry tin mineralization

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

Volume 13, Issue 1 - Serial Number 28, 2021, Pages 1-28   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/econg.v13i1.1011

Authors

Mohammad Hassan Karimpour^{* 1}; Nargess Shirdashtzadeh²; Martiya Sadeghi³

¹Research Center for Ore Deposit of Eastern Iran, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

²Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Isfahan, Iran

³Department of Mineral Resources, Economic Geology unit, Geological Survey of Sweden, Box 670, SE-75128, Uppsala, Sweden

Abstract

Introduction
The granitic rocks are divided into magnetite and ilmenite series (Ishihara 1977), coinciding spatially with the I-type (εNd_i0; (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i~0.704-0.706) and S-type granites (εNd_i<0; (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i~0.708-0.765), respectively (Takahashi et al., 1980). Most porphyry Sn deposits are associated with ilmenite (S-type) granitoids (Ishihara, 1977; Neiva, 2002). The published concepts on the origin and tectonomagmatic setting of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SaSZ) Jurassic granitoids of 178-160 Ma are (1) metaluminous I-type granites formed in a magmatic arc of an Andean subduction system (Khalaji et al., 2007; Tahmasbi et al., 2010; Ahadnejad et al., 2011; Esna-Ashari et al., 2012), (2) subduction-related extensional basin (Shahbazi et al., 2010), (3) continental crust melting by roll-back of Neo-Tethys oceanic crust (Zhang et al., 2018), and (4) subduction-related S-type granites (Bayati et al., 2017). In this research, the origin and tectonomagmatic setting of Jurassic granitoids (from 178 to 160 Ma) in Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone and the tin mineralization potential are investigated based on the available geological, geophysical and isotopic geochemical data.
 
Materials and methods
We used an integrated collection of published geochemical data (major, trace and rare earth elements of 102 samples), isotopic (e.g., (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_I of 50 samples, ƐNd_i of 64 samples), geochronological (U-Pb dating of zircons), and geophysical data (airborne magnetic intensity) for the SaSZ granitoids of 178-160 Ma.
 
Result
The SaSz Jurassic granitoids include granite, monzonite, diorite, Syenogranite, tonalite batholiths. The (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_I>0.707, N-MORB normalized patterns with enrichment in Low- and High Field Strength Elements (LFSE and HFSE) and depletion in P and Ti contents, chondrite-normalized patterns with flat heavy rare earth elements (HREE) patterns, magnetic susceptibility <10^-5x100 (ilmenite series), no alteration, and no Sn, Cu, Pb, and Zn anomalies in whole rock composition of granitoids nor in the associated river sediments, absence of volcanic rocks, and occurrence of metamorphic rocks (slate and schist) during Cimmerian orogeny indicate the SaSZ granitoids are S-type granitoids formed in a continental collision zone.
 
Discussion
Geological, geophysical and geochemical characteristics of granitoids in Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (such as the absence of volcanic arc and volcanic rocks, continental crust thickening (56-52 km) and the formation of large-scale (batholith) granitoids at depths >4 km, regional metamorphism at ​​green schist facies (and amphibolite) following Cimmerian orogeny, low (Eu/Eu)_N (reducing conditions), magnetic susceptibility <100x10^-5 (ilmenite series), negative εNdi and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_I >0.707) show that, unlike previous studies, these granitoids are S-type granitoids formed by melting the continental crust in a collisional zone. Therefore, tin mineralization might probably occurred in connection with them. However, there is ample evidence of the absence of tin mineralization by the magma that forms these S-type granitoids, that are including the lack of hydrothermal fluids and consequently mineralization potential (due to the absence of alteration minerals in ASTER satellite images), low content of tin, copper, lead and zinc elements in these granitoids Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone and associated river sediments, (Eu/Eu)_N value > 0.2, Rb/Sr <3, low Y (10-75 ppm), Ba > 200 ppm, as well as the geological, geophysical and geochemical similarities to barren S-type (ilmenite series) granitoids in Lut block (in Najmabad, Sorkh kuh to Shah kuh areas) which have formed in a continental collision system during the Cimmerian orogeny.
 
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Keywords

S-type granitoid; Sn deposit; Cimmerian Orogeny; Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone

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