بررسی اثر کود نیتروژنه و سطوح آبیاری بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گندم تحت آبیاری قطره‌ای

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 20، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65، فروردین 1401، صفحه 45-63   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2021.69378.1035

نویسندگان

پرستو شوکتی¹؛ عادل سی و سه مرده^{* 1}؛ فرزاد حسین پناهی¹؛ پرویز فتحی²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

²گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

کم‌آبیاری یک راهبرد مطلوب است که می‌تواند کارآیی مصرف آب را در محصولات زراعی افزایش دهد. در چنین شرایطی تعیین سطح  بهینه مصرف کود نیتروژن بسیار حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. در مطالعه حاضر اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری به میزان 60، 80، 100 و120 درصد به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و تیمارهای کود نیتروژنه به میزان 50، 75، 100 و 125 درصد نیاز ازته گیاه براساس نتایج آزمون خاک به‌عنوان کرت فرعی بر عملکرد گندم رقم پیشگام در قالب آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال زراعی 98-1397مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای تأمین ۱۲۰ درصد با 6498 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 60 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه با 4933 کیلوگرم در هکتار (حدود 24 درصد کاهش در مقایسه با تیمار فوق) حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان کارآیی مصرف آب در تیمار تأمین 60 درصد مصرف نیاز آبی گیاه با تأمین 100 درصدی مصرف نیتروژن به‌دست آمد (08/3 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب). بیشترین و کمترین مقدار کارآیی زراعی کود نیتروژن به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای آبیاری 100 درصد نیاز آبی و تأمین 75 درصد نیازکودی (79 کیلوگرم دانه بر کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه مصرفی) و تیمار تأمین 120 درصد نیاز آبی و 100 درصد نیازکودی (9 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) مشاهده شد. با کاهش آب مصرفی میزان انتقال مجدد مواد ذخیره‌ای ازساقه به دانه‌ها افزایش یافت. بیشترین غلظت کلروفیل نیز مربوط به سطح تیماری تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و تیمار100 درصدی مصرف کود نیتروژنه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انتقال مجدد؛ درصد پروتئین؛ کارآیی مصرف آب؛ کارآیی مصرف نیتروژن؛ کلروفیل

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