دیپلماسی چینی دام بدهی و کسب موقعیت هژمون

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 9، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 21، مهر 1401، صفحه 219-245   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/irlip.2022.21450.0

نویسنده

نوذر شفیعی^*

دانشیارگروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه اصفهان،اصفهان،ایران

چکیده

این مقاله در پی پاسخ‌گویی به این پرسش است که «دیپلماسی دام بدهی، چگونه کار می‌کند؟» و «چه تأثیری بر طرح هژمون شدن چین دارد؟» فرضیۀ مقاله که به روش توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی بررسی شده است، این است که «چین، در پی گسترش نفوذ اقتصادی، سیاسی، و راهبردی خود در منطقه و جهان برای تبدیل شدن به قدرت هژمون است و در این مسیر، از طریق ابتکار «یک کمربند،‌ یک ‌جاده»، به‌ویژه با دادن وام برای اجرای طرح‌های زیرساختی با عنوان «کالای عمومی» به کشورهایی که در مسیر آن قرار دارند، این کشورها را در چنبرۀ خود گرفتار می‌کند و از آن‌ها به‌عنوان سکویی برای نفوذ منطقه‌ای و جهانی خود بهره می‌برد». این رویکرد چین، سبب شکل‌گیری برداشت منفی از این کشور نزد افکار عمومی بین‌المللی شده است و همین مسئله موجب شده است که چین، به‌جای نزدیک شدن به موقعیت هژمون، از آن دور شود. یافته‌های مقاله نشان داد که اگر کشورها در صحنۀ روابط بین‌الملل، تصور منفی‌ای از کالای عمومی قدرت هژمون داشته باشند، کسب، حفظ، و ارتقای موقعیت هژمونیک با چالش روبه‌رو می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دام بدهی؛ ابتکار یک کمربند‌؛ یک جاده؛ هژمونی؛ کالای عمومی

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