پاسخ آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) به سیستم‌های تغذیه گیاهی در خاک تحت محلول-پاشی با کود مایع آمینوفیش AMI 16، اسید فولویک و میکروکامل

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 15، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 58، دی 1402، صفحه 699-721   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2022.73721.1081

نویسندگان

بهمن شجاعی کلجاهی؛ وحید سرابی^* ؛ کامبیز عزیزپور

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهیدمدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نوع تغذیه گیاهی در خاک تحت محلول­پاشی با ترکیبات متنوع بر عملکرد و اجزای آن در آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحت نظارت جهاد کشاورزی صوفیان واقع در روستای خواجه مرجان در سال 1398 به اجرا در آمد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل کاربرد انواع سیستم­های تغذیه­ای (نیتروژنه از منبع اوره، ورمی­کمپوست و مایکوریزا) و محلول­پاشی (کود مایع آمینوفیش AMI 16، اسید فولویک و کود میکرو کامل) بودند که سیستم­های تغذیه­ای در ابتدای کشت و تیمارهای محلول­پاشی در دو مرحله قبل از گل‌دهی و گل‌دهی به‌کار برده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با کاربرد مایکوریزا و ورمی­کمپوست بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد و اجزای آن در آفتابگردان در مقایسه با کاربرد کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه به‌دست می­آید. همچنین، بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد و اجزای آن در بوته­های آفتابگردان با کاربرد کود میکرو کامل و کود مایع آمینوفیش AMI 16 در مقایسه با کاربرد اسید فولویک و تیمار عدم محلول­پاشی به‌دست آمد. اثرات متقابل سیستم­های تغذیه­ای و محلول­پاشی نیز نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه از کاربرد کود میکرو کامل به همراه ورمی­کمپوست و بیشترین عملکرد روغن دانه از کاربرد کود میکرو کامل به همراه مایکوریزا به‌ترتیب با 90/4292 و 95/2035 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست می­آید. با این حال، بین این تیمارها و تیمارهای کاربردی کود مایع آمینوفیشAMI 16  به همراه مایکوریزا و ورمی­کمپوست اختلاف معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. نتایج کلی این تحقیق نشان داد که محلول­پاشی با کود میکرو کامل یا کود مایع آمینوفیش AMI 16 به همراه مایکوریزا و ورمی­کمپوست می­تواند با تأمین عناصر غذایی و آب مورد نیاز بوته­های آفتابگردان در مراحل حسّاس رشدی و با تداوم طول دوره­های رشد رویشی و زایشی (خصوصاً دوره پر شدن دانه‌ها) منجر به افزایش عملکرد و اجزای آن در آفتابگردان شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دانه‌های روغنی؛ عملکرد و اجزای آن؛ کود آلی؛ کود زیستی؛ مکمل‌های تغذیه‌ای

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