The Scope of Omission of Specification (Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl) in Jurisprudential Inferences

فقه و اصول (Fiqh va uṣūl)

Article 3, Volume 55, Issue 4 - Serial Number 135, March 2024, Pages 69-103   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfiqh.2022.74719.1271

Author

Mohammad Zendehdel^*

High-level instructor, Khorasan Seminary, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

One of the factors involved in the abolishing of property is the principle of Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl, which helps the generalizing of the verdict beyond the specific matter questioned by the narrator. In some Ḥadīths, the narrator’s question is general and it is possible to logically infer the generality of the verdict based on the generality of the question and by omitting the specifications of the Maʿṣūm (infallible). Some aspects of the principle have been mentioned in the foundational (Usūlī) books of early Juriconsults. In order to determine the scope of Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl, a proper analysis of the principle is needed. Similarly, the components, channels, methods of inferring used by the general public, and the principle’s scope of application should be analyzed. Pursuing this topic in jurisprudential and foundational (Usūlī) sources by employing the descriptive-analytical method has revealed the following results: First, the components of Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl consist of the antecedence of the narrator’s question, the possibility of generalization for the answer, and the existence of probability in the question. Second, Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl is more prevalent in ʾIftāyī (precautionary) Ḥadīths, and the independence or lack of independence of the Maʿṣūm (infallible)’s answer does not influence the general application of the principle. Third, the questioner’s intention and the inequality of probabilities plays a determining role in the scope of generality in Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl. Finally, the generality of Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl is inferred and weak. The specificity of Maʿṣūm (infallible) is does not necessarily help the exclusiveness or specificity of the verdict.

Keywords

Tark-i ʾIstisfṣāl; inferring; the narrator’s question; probability

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