Presenting an Open Data Ecosystem Management Framework from a Business Perspective with a Grounded Theory Approach

پژوهشنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی

Volume 12, Issue 1 - Serial Number 23, June 2022, Pages 76-99   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/infosci.2022.24172.0

Authors

Umm al-Banin Fayzbakhsh¹; Fahimeh Babalhavaeji^{* 2}; Navid Nezafati³; Najla Hariri⁴; fatemeh nooshinfard⁵

¹Ph.D. Student, Information Science and Knowledge, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

²Associate Professor, Information Science and Knowledge, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

³Assistant Professor, Public Administration Department of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

⁴Professor, Department of Information Science and Knowledge, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

⁵Assistant Professor, Information Science and Knowledge, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: An open data-based business needs business models and a shared environment called an ecosystem. This research aims to provide a framework for managing a business-oriented open data ecosystem.
Methodology: The research used a qualitative grounded theory method. Data were gathered using deep semi-structured interviews. The research population consisted of 15 experts of macro-data, open innovations, and data management domains. Hence, purposive sampling was used to select the interviewees. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding stages.
Findings: The findings of the proposed model include the sections of causal conditions, strategies, intervening conditions, infrastructure conditions, and their outcomes. Causal conditions are embedded in factors such as Data-oriented approach, Program-oriented approach, Use- and User-oriented approach, Network and ecosystem approach, and open innovations approach. Intervening conditions are value-based mechanisms based on open data and customers. The Contextual conditions include several categories such as business contextualization, legal requirement, institutional requirement, technical requirement, operational-process requirement, and cultural-social requirement. Strategies such as business, relationship profit, and innovation process management must be employed to manage the open data ecosystem. The outcomes of open data ecosystem management will include value proposition, cost structure and revenue stream, skill capability, organizational capability, and information technology capability.
Conclusion: The framework proposed in this study helps data-based businesses to identify key components of open data ecosystem management and focuses on the capacity of open data ecosystem value creation to develop innovative information flows.

Keywords

open data ecosystem management; business contextualization; value proposition; entrepreneurial tendencies; innovation process management; skill capability

References

تسلیمی، محمدسعید؛ ثنایی، مهدی و عبدالحسین‌زاده م، محمد (1396). شناسایی و اولویت‌بند ی چالش‌های تحقق سیاستگذاری داده حکومتی باز در ایران: کاربست روش تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی و تاپسیس فازی. سیاستگذاری عمومی، (2)3، 57-89. doi: 10.22059/ppolicy.2017.62830

عبدالحسین زاده، محمد؛ ثنایی، مهدی؛ ذوالفقارزاده، محمدمهدی (1396). مفهوم شناسی سیاستگذاری داده باز حاکمیتی و تبیین مزایا و فواید آن در عرصه‌های مختلف سیاستگذاری. فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی. 7 (22)، 55-74. بازیابی شده در 21 اسفند 1398 از http://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_26097.html

 ثنایی، مهدی؛ تسلیمی، محمدحسین؛ عبدالحسین‌زاده، محمد؛ خانی، محمدحسین (1397). تحلیل و ارزشیابی مدل‌های اکوسیستم داده حکومتی باز. پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات (علوم و فناوری اطلاعات)، 34(2)، 609-636. بازیابی شده در 21 اسفند 1398 از http://jipm.irandoc.ac.ir/article-1-3783-fa.html

 طاهری، سعید؛ شوال‌پور، سعید (1397). تأثیر داده‌های باز دولتی و نوآوری در داده بر توسعه کسب‌وکار صنعت بیمه زندگی. رشد فناوری، 14(55)، 63-75. بازیابی شده در 21 اسفند 1398 از https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=348861

ملایی، نجمه؛ طاهری، سعید (1397). توسعه کسب‌وکار الکترونیک با مدل نوآوری در داده، داده باز دولتی و نوآوری باز. رهیافت، 28(69)،41-52. بازیابی شده در 21 اسفند 1398 از https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=348861

Ahmadi Zeleti, F. A., & Ojo, A. (2017). Competitive capability framework for open government data organizations. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1145/3085228.3085280

Bates, J. (2011). This is what modern deregulation looks like: co-optation and contestation in the shaping of the UK’s Open Government Data Initiative. The Journal of Community Informatics, 8(2). Retrieved on 12 March 2020 from

 http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/845.

Corrales-Garay, D., Mora-Valentín, E. M., & Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M. (2020). Entrepreneurship Through Open Data: An Opportunity for Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 12(12), 5148.‏ https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125148.

Dawes, S., Vidiasova, L., & Parkhimovich, O. (2016). Planning and designing open government data pro-grams: An ecosystem approach. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.003.

Dwivedi, Y. K., Janssen, M., Slade, E. L., Rana, N. P., Weerakkody, V., Millard, J., & Snijders, D. (2017). Driving innovation through big open linked data (BOLD): Exploring antecedents using interpretive structural modelling. Information systems frontiers, 19(2), 197-212.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-016-9675-5

Eckartz, S., Broek, T. V. D., & Ooms, M. (2016). Open data innovation capabilities: Towards a framework of how to innovate with open data. In International Conference on Electronic Government, 47-60. Springer, Cham.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44421-5_4.

Enders, T., Benz, C., Schüritz, R., & Lujan, P. (2020). How to implement an open data strategy? Analyzing organizational change processes to enable value creation by revealing data.‏ In Proceedings of 28th European Conference on Information Systems. Retrieved on 13 April 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341821156

European Data Portal (2015). Creating Value through Open Data: Study on the Impact of Re-use of Public Data Resources. Retrieved on 12 March 2020 from

 http://www.europeandataportal.eu/en/ content/ creating-value-through-open-data.

Galetto, M. (2016)., ``What is data management?'' NGDATA, Tech. Article. Retrieved on 12 March 2020 from https://www.ngdata.com/what-is-datamanagement

Huber, F., Ponce, A., Rentocchini, F., & Wainwright, T. (2020). The Wealth of (Open Data) Nations? Examining the interplay of open government data and country-level institutions for entrepreneurial activity at the country-level. Examining the Interplay of Open Government Data and Country-level Institutions for Entrepreneurial Activity at the Country-level. SWPS, 13.‏ http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3667896.

Huber, F., Wainwright, T., & Rentocchini, F. (2020). Open data for open innovation: managing absorptive capacity in SMEs. R&D Management, 50(1), 31-46.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12347

Immonen, A., Palviainen, M., & Ovaska, E. (2014). Requirements of an open data based business ecosystem. IEEE Access, 2, 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2014.2302872.

 Janssen, M., Konopnicki, D., Snowdon, J. L., & Ojo, A. (2017). Driving public sector innovation using big and open linked data (BOLD). Information systems frontiers, 19(2), 189-195.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9746-2.

Jetzek, T., Avital, M., & Bjorn-Andersen, N. (2014). Data-driven innovation through open government data. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 9(2), 100-120. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762014000200008

Jetzek, T.H. (2015), The sustainable value of open government data: Uncovering the generative mechanisms of open data through a mixed-methods approach. Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Frederiksberg. https:// doi.org/ 10.13140/RG.2.1.2413.3608

Jetzek, T. (2017). Innovation in the open data ecosystem: Exploring the role of real options thinking and multi-sided platforms for sustainable value generation through open data. In Analytics, Innovation, and Excellence-Driven Enterprise Sustainability, 137–168. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37879-8_6

Kitsios, F., Papachristos, N., & Kamariotou, M. (2017). Business models for open data ecosystem: Challenges and motivations for entrepreneurship and innovation. Proceedings of 19th IEEE international conference on business informatics (CBI’17), 398–408.

 https:// doi.org/ 10.1109/CBI.2017.51

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.‏ Retrieved on 12 March 2020 from

 https://books.google.com/books/about/Naturalistic_Inquiry.html?id=2oA9aWlNeooC

Morelli, N., Götzen, A. D., & Simeone, L. (2018). A system of innovation to activate practices on open data: The Open4Citizens project. In Conference on Smart Learning Ecosystems and Regional Development, 99-109. Springer, Cham.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92022-1_9

Mosig, T., Lehmann, C., & Neyer, A. K. (2021). Data-driven business model innovation: About barriers and new perspectives. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 18(02), 2040017.‏ https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877020400179.

Ruijer, E., & Meijer, A. (2020). Open government data as an innovation process: Lessons from a living lab experiment. Public Performance & Management Review,43(3), 613-635.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1568884.

Rouse, M. (2019). What is data management and why is it important? Retrieved on 12 March 2020 from https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data-management

Smith, G., & Sandberg, J. (2018). Barriers to innovating with open government data: Exploring experiences across service phases and user types. Information Polity, 23(3), 249-265.‏ https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.162

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2008). Basics of qualitative research. Translated by Mohammadi, Biok, and Tehran: Human Science & Cultural Studies Center Publication. Sugrue, C. (2015). Principal Professional Learning: Sources of Sustenance, 93-120.‏ Retrieved on 12 March 2020 from https://www.ihcs.ac.ir/UploadedFiles/8/17/18955.pdf

Verma, N., Gupta, M. P., & Biswas, S. (2018). Open Data Infrastructure for Research and Development. In Data Science Landscape, 33-43. Springer, Singapore. Retrieved on 12 March 2020 from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-7515-5

Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., & Davis, C. (2014). Innovation with open data: Essential elements of open data ecosystems. Information Polity, 19(1, 2), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-140329