Explanation of direct object movement based on Psycholinguistics experiments

زبانشناسی و گویش های خراسان

Article 17, Volume 14, Issue 2, July 2022, Pages 203-231   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jlkd.2022.75770.1093

Authors

Farzane Moghadamamini¹; Mazdak Anoushe^{* 2}

¹PhD student in General Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

²Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The position of internal arguments of a verb is a Language specific point. In Farsi, the position of internal arguments to one another in ditransitive constructions is considerable and distinct from double object constructions in other languages. In generative grammar object movement differing from scrambling and occurred in Some languages as Scandinavian Languages is called object shift. In this operation, based on Holmberg (1986) object raises to an upper position. In farsi, karimi (2005) and Anoushe (1400) believe that specific and with ‘ra’ direct objects move to upper position than indirect objects. In the present study beyond the border of theoretical linguistics, based on experimental data and with the help of two psycholinguistics tests as Grammatical Judgement Test and self-paced reading also based on Derivational Theory of Complexity of Marantz (2005), we intend to show that direct object (with ‘ra’) shift is occurred in ditransitive and secondary predicate constructions producing unmarked sentences but indirect object do not shift. Any other object movements except object shift are occurred just because of discourse motivations producing marked sentences.

Keywords

Object Shift; Direct Object; Reaction Time; Derivational Theory of Complexity; Grammatical Judgement Test; self-paced reading

References

انوری، حسن و حسن احمدی گیوی. (1374). دستور زبان فارسی 2 . ویرایش دوم. تهران: موسسه انتشارات فاطمی.

انوشه، مزدک (1387). ساخت جمله و فرافکن‌های نقش‌نمای آن در زبان فارسی. پایان‌نامة دکتری، دانشگاه تهران.                                                                                                                                                   

انوشه، مزدک (1397ب). محمول‌های ثانویه در زبان‎‎‌ فارسی: رویکردی کمینه‌گرا. پژوهش‌های زبانی. 9(2):1-21.

انوشه، مزدک و فهیمه نصیب (1398). مسئلة مجهول صفتی در زبان فارسی، برپایة آزمون پردازشی خوانش خودگام. زبان و زبان‌شناسی. 15(1):1-20.

انوشه، مزدک (1400). صرف در نحو: از کمینه‌گرایی تا صرف توزیعی. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.

دبیرمقدم، محمد (1384). مجموعة مقالات زبان‌شناختی. تهران: سخن.

 درزی، علی. (1388). حالت و تطابق در ساخت ارتقا از درون جملات خودایستا. مجلة دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران. س 60، ش 189، صص73-109.

درزی، علی و مجید عباسی (1396). بررسی جایگاه روساختی فاعل در زبان فارسی بر پایة شواهد روان‌زبان‌شناختی. جستارهای زبانی. 9(3): 203-225.

درزی، علی و مزدک انوشه (1389). حرکت فعل اصلی در زبان فارسی، رویکردی کمینه‌گرا. زبان‌پژوهشی. 2(3): 21-55.

قریب، عبدالعظیم و همکاران. (1373). دستور زبان فارسی (پنج استاد). تهران: انتشارات ناهید.

Adger, D. (2004). Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach. Oxford: Oxford University. Press.

Aronson, D. and Scarborough. H. S. (1976). Performance Theories for sentence coding: Some quantitative evidence, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 56-10.

Asada, Y. (2012). Against the complex predicate analysis of secondary Predication. Proceedings of ConSOLE XVII, 53-76.

Baker, M. C. (1998). Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Chomsky, N. (2015). The Minimalist Program, 20th Anniversary Edition. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Embick, D. (2004). On The Stracture of resultative Participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry 35 (3), 355-392.

Faghiri, P, and Pollet Samvelion. (2014). Constituent ordering in Persian and the weight factor. In Christopher Pionon, ed. Emprical issues in syntax and semantics lo (EISS10), 215-232.

Folli, R., H. Harley, & S. Karimi. (2005). Determinants of event type in Persian complex predicates. Lingua, 115: 1365-1401.

Haegeman, L. (1994). Introduction to Government & Binding Theory, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Halliday, M. (1967). Notes on Transitivity, Part I. Journal of Linguistics, 3:37-81.

Holmberg, A. (1986). Word Order and Syntactic Features in the Scandinavian Languages and English. Dissertation, University of Stockholm.

Holmberg, A. (1999). Remarks on Holmbergs generalization. Studia Linguistica 53: 1-39.

Hornstein, N., J. Nunes, and K. Grohmann (2005). Understanding Minimalism. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Hornstein, N. (2009). A Theory of Syntax: Minimal Operations and Universal Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jackendoff, R.S. (1972) Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Karimi, S. (2005). A Minimalist Approach to Scrambling Evidence from Persian. Berline: Mouton de Gruyter.

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rded). London: The Guilford Press.

Larson, R. K. (1988) on the double object construction. Linguistics Inquiry, 19. 335-391.

Marantz, A. (2005). “Generative linguistics within the cognitive neuroscence of language.” The Linguistic Review, 22. 429-445.

Mitchel, D.C., and Green, D.W. (1978). The effects of context and content on immediate Processing in reading. Quarterly Journal of Expremental Psychology, 30(4), 609-639.

Napoli, D. (1975). A Global Agreement Phenomenon. Linguistic Inquiry, 3: 413-435.

Rothstein, S. (2006). Secondary Predication. In: M. Everaert and H.V. Riemsdijk (Eds). The Blackwell Companion to Syntax (IV: 209-234). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

SchÜtze, C. T. (1998). The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistics methodology. Chicago: The University of Chicago.

Thrȧinsson, H. (2001). Object Shift and Scrambling. In: M. Baltin and Ch. Collins (Eds). The Handbook of Contemporary Syntatic Theory (148-202). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Townsend, D. J., & T. G. Bever (2001). Sentence comprehension: The integration of habits and rules (Vol. 1950). Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

Vikner, S. (2006). Object Shift. In: M. Everaert and H. V .Riemsdijk (Eds). The Blackwell Companion to Syntax (111:392-436). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.