مقایسه فعالیت زیستی خاک در جنگل‌ با درختان سوزنی‌برگ و پهن‌برگ در منطقه بیستون کرمانشاه

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 36، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 85، آذر و دی 1401، صفحه 593-610   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2022.78164.1189

نویسندگان

سحر مهرنوش¹؛ علی بهشتی آل آقا^{* 2}؛ فاطمه رخش³؛ مرتضی پوررضا⁴؛ علی اکبر صفری سنجانی⁵

¹کارشناسی ارشد بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

²دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

³دستیار پژوهشی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

⁴استادیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

⁵دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

چکیده

نگهداری و حفظ جنگل‌های دست کاشت در سرزمین‌های خشک و نیمه‌خشک وابسته به بررسی ویژگی‌های خاک است، زیرا این جنگل‌ها به‌مرور زمان ویژگی‌های خاک را تغییر داده و مطالعه این تغییرات موجب افزایش آگاهی و حفظ جنگل‌ها می‌شود. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی پیامدهای خوب و بد این توده‌های گیاهی جنگلی بر کیفیت زیستی خاک انجام شد. دو نوع جنگل (سوزنی‌برگ و پهن‌برگ) که بر روی یک چشم‌انداز با درجه و جهت شیب یکسان بود انتخاب شدند. 5 تیمار (زمین کشاورزی، زمین بکر، گونه اقاقیا، سرو نقره‌ای و درخت کاج) انتخاب شده و در 3 تکرار از لایه صفر تا 5 سانتی‌متر در دو بخش سایه‌انداز و دور از سایه‌انداز درخت به گونه تصادفی نمونه‌گیری مرکب از خاک انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه‌وتحلیل ویژگی­های زیستی خاک نشان داد که بالاترین مقادیر ویژگی‌های تنفس خاک و مقدار ماده آلی مصرف‌شده (89/12 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، تنفس برانگیخته (97/753 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی (04/1 میکروگرم کربن بر گرم کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی در روز)، فعالیت‌های آنزیمی و تنفس قارچی در سوزنی‌برگان اندازه‌گیری شد. اگرچه مقدار این ویژگی‌ها در پهن برگان نیز قابل‌توجه بود اما دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری بودند. همچنین بالاترین مقادیر کسر متابولیکی (04/1 و 99/0 میکروگرم کربن بر گرم کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی در روز) و تنفس باکتریایی (به ترتیب 6/0 و 78/0 میلی‌گرم دی اکسید کربن بر گرم خاک) در پوشش‌های کشاورزی و چراگاه مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در منطقه بیستون جنگل‌کاری با گونه‌های پهن‌برگ و به‌خصوص سوزنی‌برگ باعث بهبود کیفیت خاک نسبت به پوشش‌های کشاورزی و چراگاه شده است که می‌تواند وابسته به انباشتگی لاش برگ فراوان و خاستگاه کربن آلی برای ریزجانداران در این پوشش‌ها باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنفس باکتریایی؛ تنفس قارچی؛ زیست‌توده میکروبی؛ فعالیت آنزیم؛ ماده آلی

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