تأثیر کاربرد برخی از کودهای نیتروژنه به همراه سطوح مختلف سولفات پتاسیم و اسید هیومیک بر رشد، عملکرد و رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی پسته رقم ̓بادامی سفید مه ولات̒

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 4، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 51-65   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2023.76344.1166

نویسندگان

اکرم حیدری¹؛ سعید دقیقی¹؛ فرهاد آذرمی آتاجان^{* 2}

¹گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

²گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

عملکرد پایین پسته در واحد سطح به‌دلیل مشکلات مدیریتی باغات می‌باشد و در این میان مدیریت تغذیه و کوددهی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد برخی از کودهای نیتروژنه به همراه سطوح مختلف سولفات پتاسیم و اسید هیومیک بر رشد، رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد پسته رقم ̓بادامی سفید مه ولات̒ آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در شهرستان مه ولات طی دو سال متوالی 1398 و 1399 انجام شد. فاکتور اول شامل کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژنه در 4 سطح (شاهد، اوره، سولفات آمونیوم و نیترات آمونیوم) بود. فاکتور دوم کود سولفات پتاسیم در 2 سطح صفر و 250 گرم به ازای هر درخت و فاکتور سوم کود اسید هیومیک در 2 سطح صفر و 45 گرم به ازای هر درخت بود. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس داده­ها در دو سال آزمایش نشان داد تیمارهای آزمایشی تأثیر معنی­داری بر رشد و عملکرد پسته داشتند. نتایج سال اول نشان داد که تیمار ترکیبی اوره و 250 گرم سولفات پتاسیم و 45 گرم اسید هیومیک دارای بالاترین قطر و طول شاخه، خندانی، کلروفیل a، b و کل و کم­ترین درصد پوکی بود. بیش­ترین مقدار عملکرد در سال اول از مصرف توأم سولفات آمونیوم و 250 گرم سولفات پتاسیم و 45 گرم اسید هیومیک به­دست آمد. کاربرد توأم نیترات آمونیوم و 250 گرم سولفات پتاسیم و 45 گرم اسید هیومیک منجر به بیش­ترین قطر و طول شاخه در سال دوم آزمایش شد. بالاترین درصد خندانی و کاروتنوئید و کم­ترین درصد پوکی در سال دوم از تیمار ترکیبی سولفات آمونیوم و 250 گرم سولفات پتاسیم و 45 گرم اسید هیومیک به­دست آمد. بیش­ترین کلروفیل a، b و کل از مصرف توأم اوره و 250 گرم سولفات پتاسیم و 45 گرم اسید هیومیک به‌دست آمد. بالاترین عملکرد سال دوم از تیمار مصرف اوره و 250 گرم سولفات پتاسیم و 45 گرم اسید هیومیک حاصل شد. بنابراین براساس نتایج این تحقیق، استفاده همزمان از کودهای اوره (300 گرم به ازای هر درخت) و سولفات پتاسیم (250 گرم به ازای هر درخت) و اسید هیومیک (45 گرم به ازای هر درخت) به­‌عنوان مؤثرترین تیمارها در این آزمایش، می­‌تواند نقش به‌­سزایی در افزایش شاخص‌­های رشدی، عملکرد و فیزیولوژیکی پسته داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پسته رقم بادامی سفید مه ولات؛ تغذیه گیاهی؛ درصد پوکی؛ عملکرد؛ کود شیمیایی

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