Geopolitical Explanation of the Concept and Role of "Regimes" In Geopolitical Structures

پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی

Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 29, June 2023, Pages 115-136   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/pg.2023.74799.1128

Authors

Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf¹; Majid Gholami^{* 2}

¹Associate Professor, Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

²Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran

Abstract

Regimes are a well-known theory in political studies and international relations that is widely used in the analysis of transnational and global phenomena. Although the concept of "power" plays a key role in the process of forming the concept of regimes, so far the scientific literature of the geopolitical field to study these phenomena has not been used, unfortunately. Accordingly, the geopolitical explanation of the concept and role of "regimes" in geopolitical structures and the introduction of this concept analysis in the field of geopolitics is the subject of this article. The main question is how to explain the structure and function of the concept of regimes with a geopolitical approach? In response to this question, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, the hypothesis of the article is that “regime is a complex structure of objective and subjective agents that directly or indirectly is responsible for the political organization of the geopolitical structure. It controls the function of the structure and generates power by the spatial distribution of power among the components of this structure. In fact, regimes are the regulators of the functioning of geopolitical structures and system governance”. Findings show that mental regimes are the subject of social studies, political studies, and international relations, and in particular, are not the subject of discussion in the field of geopolitics, but they are the subject of our discussion in the field of geopolitics when they are objectified in the form of institutions and organizations and affect geographical environments.

Keywords

Regime; Geopolitical Structure; Function; Geopolitics; Power; Regulatory Agent

References

1. Almond, G.A., (2020). The Political System and Comparative Politics: The Contribution of David Easton. In Contemporary empirical political theory (pp. 219-230). California: University of California Press.
2. Axelrod, R., & Hamilton, W.D., (1981). The evolution of cooperation. Science, 211(4489), 1390-1396.
3. Baylis, J., (2020). The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford: Oxford University press.
4. Burley, A.M.S., (2017). International law and international relations theory: a dual agenda. In The Nature of International Law (pp. 11-46). Routledge.
5. Carver, C.S., & Scheier, M.F., (2012). Cybernetic control processes and the self-regulation of behavior. The Oxford handbook of human motivation, 28-42. https:// org/ 10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780195399820.013.0003
6. Cavallo, R., (2012). The role of systems methodology in social science research. Springer Science & Business Media.
7. Gehring, T., (2018). Dynamic International Regimes. Washington, DC: Institutions for International Environmental Governance.
8. Ghalibaf, M.B., Pooyandeh, M.J., (2020). An overview of the concepts of human geography. Iran, Tehran: IAG. [In Persian]
9. Gwynn, M.A., (2019). Structural power and international regimes. Journal of Political Power, 12(2), 200-223.
10. Hanson, S.E., (2017). The evolution of regimes: what can twenty-five years of post-soviet change teach us? Perspectives on politics, 15(2), 328-341.
11. Izadi, A., Mohammadi, M., Nasekhian, S., & Memar, S., (2020). Structural Functionalism, Social Sustainability and the Historic Environment: A Role for Theory in Urban Regeneration. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 11(2-3), 158-180.
12. Keohane, R.O., (2019). The theory of hegemonic stability and changes in international economic regimes, 1967–1977 (pp. 131-162). Routledge.
13. Keping, Y., (2018). Governance and good governance: A new framework for political analysis. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(1), 1-8.
14. Kleine, M., & Pollack, M., (2018). Liberal intergovernmentalism and its critics. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(7), 1493-1509.
15. Krasner, S. D. (Ed.). (1983). International regimes. Cornell University Press.
16. Krasner, Stephen D., (1982). Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables. International Organization, 36(2). Reprinted in Stephen D. Krasner, (ed.), (1983). International Regimes, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,.
17. Krasner, Stephen D., (1983). International Regimes. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
18. Levy, M.A., Young, O.R., & Zürn, M., (1995). The study of international regimes. European journal of international relations, 1(3), 267-330.
19. Montuori, A., (2011). Systems approach. The encyclopedia of creativity, 2(2011), 414-421.
20. Moshirzadeh, H., (2019). Development in International Relations Theories. Iran, Tehran: SAMT Publications.
21. Nadel, S.F., (2013). The theory of social structure(Vol. 8). Routledge.
22. Oatley, T., (2018). International political economy. Routledge.
23. Oye, K.A., (1985). Explaining cooperation under anarchy: Hypotheses and strategies. World politics, 38(1), 1-24.
24. Puchala, D.J., (2013). Theory and history in international relations. Routledge.
25. Risman, B.J., (2018). Gender as a social structure(pp. 19-43). Springer International Publishing.
26. Rittberger, V., & Mayer, P. (Eds.). (1993). Regime theory and international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27. Ruben, B.D., (2018). General system theory. In Interdisciplinary approaches to human communication (pp. 95-118). Routledge.
28. Scheier, M.F., & Carver, C.S., (2014). Cognition, affect, and self-regulation. In Affect and cognition(pp. 167-194). Psychology Press &
29. Tabilo Alvarez, J., & Ramírez-Correa, P., (2023). A Brief Review of Systems, Cybernetics, and Complexity. Complexity, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8205320
30. Young, O.R., (1982). Regime dynamics: the rise and fall of international regimes. International organization, 36(2), 277-297.
31. Young, O.R., (2017). Governing complex systems: social capital for the Anthropocene. Cambridge: MIT Press.
32. Young, O.R., (2019). International cooperation. New York: Cornell University Press.