The Logic of Discovering the Classification of the Moral Concepts of the Holy Quran

علوم قرآن و حدیث

Article 4, Volume 55, Issue 2 - Serial Number 111, February 2024, Pages 95-116   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jquran.2023.79422.1408

Authors

Maryam Dehghani Firoozabadi¹; Mahdi Mehrizi Toroghi^{* 2}; Tahereh Mohseni³

¹PhD student, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

²Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

³Assistant professor, Imam Sadiq University, Women's College, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Heavenly teachings can be divided into three categories: beliefs, moralities and jurisprudence. Therefore, moral instructions are among the most important Quranic teachings that include a wide range of moral virtues and vices. In order to understand moral concepts, to identify their importance, to determine the position of each concept through which it is possible to take the right educational steps to train the people of the society, there is a need for indicators and standards that cannot be achieved easily, but one must try different ways to obtain them because they are not clearly explained in religious texts.
With a descriptive and analytical approach and by making studies in the Arabic language, this article has determined these indicators for the classification of moral concepts: repetition, restriction, superlative, analogy, comparison of phrases and themes. With examples from the verses of the Quran, we have tried to explain that, based on these examples, the moral virtues of sincerity and gratitude are considered among the highest moral virtues, respectively. Though, for the final conclusion, a complete investigation must be done on the moral verses, which is being done in a detailed research.

Keywords

classification; ethics; moral concepts; restriction; superlative; analogy

References

Darvīshī, Dāryūsh. “Arzyābī Manṭiqī Jāygāh-i Uṣūl Iʿlāmīyah-yi Ḥuqūq Bashar dar Ḥuqūq va Akhlāq”, Taʾamulāt-i Falsafī. No. 10, Summer 2014/1392, 95-125.

Dīkshinirī Takhaṣuṣī Irānīyān Ilāhīyāt. Bāzyābī Shudih dar 2022/10/01-9 Mihr 1401.

Fāżil Lankarānī, Muḥammad. Sayrī Kāmil dar Uṣūl-i Fiqh. Qum: Rūznāmah-yi  Fiyżīyah. 1999/1377.

Ghafārī, Siyf. Farhang-i Alburz Kārburdī. Tehran: Alburz. 2007/1385.

Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad. Anvār  Dirakhshān. Tehran: Kitābfurūshī Luṭfī. 1984/1404.

Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad ibn Fāris. Muʿjam  Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾal-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī. 2001/1422.

Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 1882/1300.

Ibn Miskavayh. Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Tahdhīb al-Akhlāq wa Taṭhīr al-Aʿrāq. Qum: Bīdār. S.d.

Ibn Shuba, Ḥasan  ibn ʻAlī. Tuḥaf  al-ʿUqūl. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. Chāp-i Duvūm, 1985/1363.

Jawharī, Ismāʻīl  ibn Ḥammād. al-Ṣiḥāḥ. Beirut: Dār al-ʻIlm. 1984/1404.

Jurjānī, ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad. al-Taʿrīfāt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub-i ʿIlmīyya. 1983/1403.

Kharaqānī, Ḥasan. “Ḥikmat-hā-yi Sūgand dar Qurān”, Ilāhīyāt va Ḥuqūq. No. 11, Spring 2005/1384, 91-116.

Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad Taqī. Biḥār al-Anwār. Lebanon: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī. 1983-1993/1403-1413.

Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i  Numūnah. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. 2003/1424.

Maʿṣūmī, Aḥmad. Muḥadhdhab Mughnī al-Labīb ʿan Kutub al-Aʿārīb. Tehran: s.n. 1982/1360.

Mihrīzī, Mahdī. Shākhiṣ-hā-yi Dīndārī. Tehran: Nashr-i ʻIlm. 2016/1394.

Miṣbāḥ Yazdī. Muḥammad Taqī. Falsafah-yi Akhlāq. Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī. Chāp Sivum. 2016/1394.

Muʿīn, Muḥammad. Farhang-i Muʿīn. Tehran: Kitāb-i Rāhnū. 2003/1381.

Murtaḍā Zabīdī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Tāj al-ʿArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūn. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 1993/1414.

Muẓaffar, Muḥammad Riḍā. Uṣūl  al-Fiqh. Qum: Ismāʻilīyān. Chāp Sivum. 1988/1408.

Qurān-i Karīm. translated by Muḥammad Mahdī Fūlādvand. Tehran: Dār al-Qurān-i Karīm. 1995/1415.  

Qurashī Bunābī, ʻAlī Akbar. Tafsīr Aḥsan Ḥadīth. Tehran: Bunyād-i Biʿthat. Chāp Duvūm 1997/1375.

Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn  ibn Muḥammad. al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qurān. S.l. Daftar-i Nashr-i Kitāb. Chāp-I Duvūm. 1984/1404.

Rajāʾī, Muḥammad Khalīl. Maʿālim al-Balāghah dar ʻIlm Maʿānī va Bayān. Shirāz: Intishārāt-i  Dānishgāh. 2000/1379.

Ṣāliḥ Māzandarānī, Muḥammad Hādī. Anwār al-Balāgha. Tehran: Daftar-i Nashr-i Mīrās-i Maktūb. 1998/1376.

Salmān Māhīnī, Sakīnih et al.  “Ḥal-i Shubih-yi Taʿārużāfarīnī Mafhūm “bi Rūʾyat” dar Taʿrīf Sunatī Akhlāq bar Asās-i Ulgūy Chāhār Muʾallifah-ī Akhlāqvarzī”, Taʾamulāt-i Falsafī. No. 14, spring and summer  2016/1394, 117-142.

Ṣaydāwī, Yūsuf. Al-Kafāf Kitāb Yuʿīdu Ṣawgh Qawāʿid al-Lugha al-ʿArabīya. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr. 1999/1420.

Shartūnī, Rashīd. Mabādī al-ʿArabīya. Qum: Dār al-Dhikr. 1996/1417.

Suyūtī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Tafsīr  al-Jalālayn. Beirut: Mūʾassisa  al-Nūr. 1995/1416.

Ṭabarsī. Faḍl ibn Ḥasan. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusrū. Chāp-i Sivum. 1994/1372.

Ṭabāṭabāyī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Tarjumah-yi Tafsīr-i al-Mīzān. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. Chāp-i Panjum. 1996/1374.

Tahānawī, Muḥammad ʻAlī. Kashshāf  Iṣṭilāḥāt al-Funūn. Kolkata: ed.  Mūlawī Muḥammad  Wajīh et al. 1862/1240.

Ṭāliqān, Maḥmud. Partūy az Qurān. Tehran: Shirdat-i  Sahāmī Intishār. Chāp-I Chāhārum. 1984/1362.

Zarkashī, Muḥammad ibn Bahādur. al-Burhān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurān, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 2009/1430.