1. Givens MD, Marley MSD. Infectious causes of embryonic and fetal mortality. Theriogenolog. 2008; 70: 270-285. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.018
2. Stephens RS (ed.) Chlamydia: intracellular biology, pathogenesis, and immunity. ASM, Washington, D.C. 1999.
3. Longbottom D, Coulter LJ. Animal chlamydioses and zoonotic implications. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 2003; Doi:10.1053/jcpa.2002.0629.
4. Sachse K, Hotzel H, Slickers P, Ellinger T, Ehricht R. DNA microarray-based detection and identification of Chlamydia and Chlamydophila spp. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 2005; 19(1):41-50. Doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2004.09.005.
5. Turin L, Surini S, Wheelhouse N, Rocchi MS. Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus: from enzootic to zoonotic disease. Veterinary Research. 2022 Dec; 53 (1):1-7. Doi:10.1186/s13567-022-01052-x.
6. Selim A. Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Small Ruminants: A Review. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2016; 11(10):587-93. Doi:10.3923/ajava.2016.587.593.
7. Papp JR, Shewen PE, Gartley CJ Abortion and subsequent excretion of chlamydiae from the reproductive tract of sheep during estrus. Infection and Immunity. 1994; 62(9):3786-3792. Doi:10.1128/iai.62.9.3786-3792.1994.
8. Osman KM, Ali HA, ElJakee JA, Galal HM. Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydophila pecorum infections in goats and sheep in Egypt. Revue scientifique et technique. 2011; 30:939-948. Doi:10.20506/rst.30.3.2088.
9. Longbottom D, Livingstone M, Maley S, van der Zon A, Rocchi M, Wilson K, ... Buxton D. Intranasal infection with Chlamydia abortus induces dose-dependent latency and abortion in sheep. PloS one. 2013; 8(2):e57950. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057950
10. Buxton D, Anderson IE, Longbottom D, Livingstone M, Wattegedera S, Entrican G. Ovine chlamydial abortion: characterization of the inflammatory immune response in placental tissues. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 2002; 127(2-3):133-141. Doi:10.1053/jcpa.2002.0573.
11. Rodolakis A, Salinas J, Papp J Recent advances on ovine Chlamydial abortion. Veterinary Research. 1998; 29:275-288. Doi:9689742.
12. Livingstone M, Wheelhouse N, Maley SW, Longbottom D. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus in post-abortion sheep at oestrus and subsequent lambing. Veterinary Microbiology. 2009; 135:134-141. Doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.033.
13. Poppert S, Essig A, Marre R, Wagner M, Horn M. Detection and differentiation of chlamydiae by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2002; 68(8):4081-4089. Doi:10.1128/AEM.68.8.4081-4089.2002.
14. Vanrompay D, Geens T, Desplanques A, Hoang TQ, De Vos L, Van Loock M, ... Cox E. Immunoblotting, ELISA and culture evidence for Chlamydiaceae in sows on 258 Belgian farms. Veterinary Microbiology. 2004; 99(1):59-66. Doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.08.014.
15. Longbottom D, Fairley S, Chapman S, Psarrou E, Vretou E, Livingstone M. Serological diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a recombinant protein fragment of the polymorphic outer membrane protein POMP90 of Chlamydophila abortus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2002; 40(11):4235-4243. Doi:10.1128/JCM.40.11.4235-4243.2002.
16. Clarkson MJ, Philips HL. Isolation of faecal chlamydia from sheep in Britain and their characterization by cultural properties. Journal of Veterinary Medicine.1997; 153(3):307-310. Doi:10.1016/s1090-0233(97)80064-0.
17. Sachse K, Vretou E, Livingstone M, Borel N, Pospischil A, Longbottom D. Recent developments in the laboratory diagnosis of chlamydial infections. Veterinary Microbiology. 2009; 135(1-2):2-21. Doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.040
18. Arif ED, Saeed NM, Rachid SK. Isolation and Identification of from Aborted Ewes in Sulaimani Province Northern Iraq. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 2020; 69(1): 65-71. Doi: 10.33073/pjm-2020-009.
19. Everett KD, Andersen AA. Identification of nine species of the Chlamydiaceae using PCR-RFLP. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 1999; 49(2):803-813. Doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-803.
20. Laroucau K, Souriau A, Rodolakis A. Improved sensitivity of PCR for Chlamydophila using pmp genes. Veterinary Microbiology. 2001; 82(2):155-164. Doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00381-9.
21. Borel N, Thoma R, Spaeni P, Weilenmann R, Teankum K, Brugnera E, ... Pospischil A. Chlamydia-related abortions in cattle from Graubunden, Switzerland. Veterinary Pathology. 2006; 43(5): 702-708. Doi:10.1354/vp.43-5-702.
22. Ebadi A, Moosakhani F, Jamshidian M. Phylogenetic analysis of Chlamydia abortus isolated from fetus aborted ewes of Alborz Province. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences. 2014; 4:122-126.
23. Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2015; 9(2):73-77. Doi:10.22059/ijvm.2015.54004.
24. Esmaeili H, Hamedi M, Madani SA. Isolation of Chlamydia spp. from Ewes and Does in Iran. Archives of Razi Institute. 2017; 72(4):249-253. Doi:10.22092/ari.2017.113297.
25. Hamedi M, Esmaeili H, Madani SA, Tajik P. The Frequency of Abortion Caused by Chlamydia abortus in Aborted Fetuses of Sheep and Goats in Iran. Journal of Medical Bacteriology. 2020; 9(1-2):1-8.
26. Mahzounieh M, Pourahmad R. Detection of Chlamydophila abortus in sheep abortions in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province using Nested PCR. Iranian veterinary journal. 2014; 10(2):74-80.
27. Heidari S, Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, Ansari-Lari M, Masoudian M, Eraghi V. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, and Mycoplasma agalactiae in small ruminants’ aborted fetuses in southern Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018; 50(4). 779-785. Doi:10.1007/s11250-017-1494-2.
28. Iraninezhad Z, Azizzadeh M, Razavizadeh AT, Mehrzad J, Rashtibaf M. Seroepidemiological feature of Chlamydia abortus in sheep and goat population located in northeastern Iran. Veterinary Research Forum. 2020; 11 (4):423. Doi:10.30466/vrf.2019.101946.2429.
29. Al-Qudah KM, Sharif LA, Raouf RY, Hailat NQ, Al-Domy FM. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydophila abortus shown in Awassi sheep and local goats in Jordan. Veterinarni Medicina,, 2004; 49 (12): 460. Doi:10.17221/5740-VETMED
30. Qin S-Y, Yin M-Y, Cong W, .... Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in Tibetan sheep in Gansu province northwest China. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 1-6. Doi:10.1155/2014/193464.
31. Borujeni MP, Bakhtiari NM, Hajikolaei MH, Mousavi M. Chlamydia abortus infection in goats in the southwest of Iran. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire. 2019; 170:9-14.
32. Cubero-Pablo MJ, Plaza M, Pérez L, González M, León-Vizcaíno L. Seroepidemiology of chlamydial infections of wild ruminants in Spain. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 2000; 36(1):35-47. Doi:10.7589/0090-3558-36.1.35.
33. Yin L, Schautteet K, Kalmar I, Bertels G, Van Driessche E, Czaplicki G, ... Vanrompay D. Prevalence of Chlamydia abortus in Belgian ruminants. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 2014; 83(4):164-170. Doi:10.21825/vdt.v83i4.16642.
34. Tsakos P, Siarkou V, Kastanidou C, Papadopoulos O. Epidemiological survey in sheep and goats for chlamydia and brucella (In Greek). Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society. 2001; 52(5):410-421. Doi:10.12681/jhvms.28035
35. Čisláková L, Halánová M, Kováčová D, Štefančíková A. Occurrence of antibodies against Chlamydophila abortus in sheep and goats in the Slovak Republic. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2007; 14:243- 245.
36. Majid R, Al-Hankaw O, Khder H, Al-Farwachi M. Prevalence of Chlamydophila abortion amongst local small ruminants in Ninavah province-Iraq. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2018; 6(4):1028-1032. Doi:10.21474/IJAR01/6945.
37. Wang FI, Shieh H, Liao YK. Prevalence of Chlamydophila abortus infection in domesticated ruminants in Taiwan. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2001; 63(11):1215-1220.Doi:10.1292/jvms.63.1215.
