Analyzing the Criterion for the Appropriateness of the Ruling and its Subject, and its Distinction from Other Causes of Expanding or Restricting Rulings

فقه و اصول (Fiqh va uṣūl)

Article 4, Volume 57, Issue 1 - Serial Number 140, May 2025, Pages 85-107   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfiqh.2023.81562.1559

Authors

Sajjad Rafsanjani Akbar Abadi^{* 1}; Mojtaba Masoudi²

¹Level Three Graduate, Seminary of Qom, Qom, Iran

²Level Four Graduate, Seminary of Qom, Qom, Iran, And Advanced Level Seminary Professor and Lecturer at Al-Mustafa International University

Abstract

One of the challenges faced by jurists when dealing with legal proofs is whether the ruling mentioned in the legal evidence is for a specific case or if it also extends to other similar cases. One of the most important principles of inference (ʾistiẓhār) from legal evidence which is commonly practiced among both Shīʿī and Sunnī jurists is the appropriateness of the ruling and its subject. This principle refers to the customary or rational alignment, coherence, and congruence between the ruling and its subject, derived from their mutual relationship, and it can result in the expansion or restriction of the scope of a legal ruling. However, this principle is not the only criterion of the expansion or restriction of legal rulings. Other causes such as elimination of specificity (ilghāʾ al-khuṣūṣiyyah), refinement of rational (tanqīḥ al-manāṭ), etc. also exist, and must be distinguished from the appropriateness of the ruling and its subject. This study aims to define, explain, present the criterion of this indicator, and distinguish it from other causes of extension and restriction, eventually examining its validity.

Keywords

appropriateness; legal ruling; subject; extension; restriction; appropriateness of the ruling and its subject

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