تأثیر قارچ فانلی فورمیس موسه و اسیدی تیوباسیلوس بر برخی متابولیت‌های بیوشیمیایی ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت تنش شوری

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 93، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 85-104   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2023.84667.1339

نویسندگان

جمعه الجمعه؛ اکرم حلاج نیا^* ؛ امیر لکزیان؛ علیرضا آستارایی

گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

دستیابی به امنیت غذایی یک هدف بسیار ضروری برای تغذیه جمعیت رو به رشد جهان است، توسعه تکنیک‌های مناسب و کارآمد برای احیای خاک‌های متأثر از نمک بسیار ضروری است. استفاده از روش­های بیولوژیکی مانند کاربرد ریزجانداران مفید به‌عنوان اصلاح‌کننده‌های زیستی پتانسیل زیادی در بهبود شرایط رشد گیاه در خاک‌های شور دارد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر کاربرد همزمان باکتری­های اسیدی­تیوباسیلوس و قارچ میکوریزی فانلی فورمیس موسه بر برخی متابولیت­های فتوسنتزی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت بود. برای این منظور یک آزمایش گلخانه­ای در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل انجام شد. در این تحقیق اثر تیمارهای بیولوژیکی شامل: دو سطح قارچ میکوریزا (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح)، دو سطح شوری (96/0 و 6 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و چهار سطح تلقیح باکتری­های اسیدی تیوباسیلوس شامل شاهد (C)، تیوباسیلوس تیواکسیدانس (T)، تیوباسیلوس فرواکسیدانس (F)، تیوباسیلوس تیواکسیدانس و تیوباسیلوس فرواکسیدانس (T+F) در یک خاک بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که شوری غلظت کلروفیل a، b و کارتنوئید برگ را به‌ترتیب90/27،42/68 و 50 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش داد. شوری باعث افزایش، غلظت پرولین (62/42 درصد)، نشت الکترولیت (30/33 درصد)، غلظت آنتوسیانین­ها (36/96 درصد) و فلاونوئیدهای برگ (73/84 درصد) در مقایسه با خاک شاهد شد. تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا در مقایسه با عدم تلقیح اثر قابل توجه و معنی‌داری بر همه پارامترهای مورد بررسی در هر دو خاک شور و شاهد داشت. در خاک شور تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا موجب کاهش نشت الکترولیت (75/56 درصد) و افزایش کلروفیل a (2/3 برابر)، کلروفیل b (6/6 برابر) کارتنوئید (3/1 برابر)، غلظت پرولین (39/24 درصد)، مقدار آنتوسیانین­ها (07/24 درصد) و فلاونوئیدها (40/20 در صد) در گیاه شد. تاثیر تیمارهای باکتریایی بر پارامترهای مورد بررسی در گیاهان تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریزا بیشتر از گیاهان تلقیح نشده بود. اثرگذاری بر مقدار پرولین، کلروفیل­ها، آنتوسیانین و فلاونوئیدها در کاربرد توأم هر دو گونه باکتری بیشتر از تأثیر هر کدام به تنهایی بود. در خاک شور تلقیح همزمان قارچ میکوریزا با هر دو گونه باکتری موجب کاهش نشت الکترولیت (72/14 درصد) و افزایش کلروفیل a (80/39 درصد)، کلروفیل b (106 درصد)، کارتنوئید (50 درصد)، غلظت پرولین (12/10 درصد)، مقدار آنتوسیانین‌ها (17/14 درصد) و فلاونوئیدها (06/4 درصد) در گیاه در مقایسه با تیمار قارچ میکوریزا به تنهایی شد. نتایج نشان داد که این باکتری‌ها احتمالا می‌توانند به‌عنوان باکتری­های کمک کننده میکوریزا در نظر گرفته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باکتری‌های کمک کننده میکوریزا؛ پرولین؛ خاک‌های متأثر از نمک؛ کود زیستی؛ همزیستی میکوریزی

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