اثر باکتری‌های محرک رشد در شرایط آبکشت بر غلظت آهن، عملکرد و ترکیبات فنولیک کاهو

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 3، دوره 38، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 63، مهر 1403، صفحه 509-521   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2024.82408.1266

نویسندگان

پرستو مولائی^{* 1}؛ فاطمه نکونام¹؛ محمد بابا اکبری ساری²

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهمترین سبزی‌های برگ‌دار، کاهو (Lactuca sativa L.) است که مقصد تولید آن به بازارهای بین‌المللی و ملی می‌باشد. کاهو از سبزی‌هایی است که در سیستم‌های کشت هیدروپونیک شناور، برای بهره‌وری بالاتر در استفاده از آب و کودها تولید می‌گردد. کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد برای افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی در نظام‌های پایدار کشاورزی دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای می‌باشد. بدین جهت، به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد در شرایط آبکشت، بر ویژگی‌های کیفی و عملکرد کاهو رقم ‘New Red Fire’، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل پنج سطح از باکتری‌های محرک رشد (Pseudomonas vancouverensis، Pseudomonas Koreensis، Pseudomonas putida، Pantoea agglomerans، ترکیب چهار گونه باکتری) و تیمار شاهد بدون تلقیح باکتریایی بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل وزن تر بوته، تعداد برگ، محتوای فنول کل و فلاونوئید کل، محتوای آنتوسیانین، غلظت آهن، کلروفیل‌ها و کاروتنوئید کل بود. نتایج نشان داد، اثر کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار گردید. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک، محتوای رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و غلظت آهن در برگ، با کاربرد تیمار باکتری ترکیبی مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که افزایش 388/2 درصد کلروفیل a، 439/8 درصد کلروفیل b، 398/3 درصد کلروفیل کل، 246/3 درصد محتوای کاروتنوئید، 26/2 درصد غلظت آهن، 42/6 درصد وزن تر بوته و 22/2 درصد تعداد برگ نسبت به گیاهان شاهد حاصل شد. با این حال، کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد در گیاه کاهو با تسهیل شرایط رشد و افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی، موجب کاهش معنی‌دار سنتز ترکیبات فنولیک از جمله محتوای فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل و آنتوسیانین در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد، در شرایط آبکشت گردید. با توجه به اینکه بهترین تیمار این پژوهش در اغلب صفات مورد بررسی، کاربرد باکتری ترکیبی بود، برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد، افزایش سودمندی کل و کاهش مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی، استفاده از باکتری ترکیبی توصیه می‌شود. البته اگر بتوان با اعمال راهکارهایی به‌صورت همزمان کیفیت تغذیه‌ای کاهو به‌ویژه محتوای ترکیبات فنولیکی و فلاونوئیدی گیاه را نیز در شرایط آبکشت افزایش داد، بسیار مطلوب‌تر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتوسیانین؛ آهن؛ باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاهی؛ ترکیبات فنولی؛ هیدروپونیک

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