Effect of Polypropylene Fibers versus Macrobarchip on the Characteristics of Plastic Concrete

مهندسی عمران فردوسی

Volume 37, Issue 2 - Serial Number 46, August 2024, Pages 99-122   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfcei.2024.80952.1215

Authors

Seyed Hosein Ghasemzadeh Mousavinejad^{* 1}; Arian Darvishalinezhad¹; Masoud Saber BazKiagourabi,²

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

²Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Plastic concrete is widely used in the construction of cut-off walls of earth dams. The mechanical properties and behavior of the materials used in the construction of such walls are of particular importance due to the loads on the foundation and the waterproofness of wall. Fracture energy is considered to be the most important influencing factor in the description of fracture behavior, which actually describes the cracking mechanism of concrete. This research aims to study the effect of adding 12 mm polypropylene fibers and 30 mm macrobarchip fibers to reinforce plastic concrete of cut-off walls. The studied properties include: concrete mix slump determination test, concrete ultrasonic test, modulus of elasticity, stress-strain curve, concrete permeability, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compressive strength at the age of 28 days. The results obtained from fresh concrete mixtures show that the specific weight and slump are reduced for both types of fibers. The highest decrease in PP fibers was 52.27%. The results of the ultrasonic test indicate a 9.47% decrease in wave speed for PP fibers and 14.17% for macro fibers. Based on the 28 day compressive strength results, the addition of fibers have reduced the compressive strength as much as 27.20% for PP fibers and 23.32% for macro fibers. According to the results of the modulus of elasticity, adding fibers reduces this characteristic of plastic concrete. such that the highest value for PP fibers is 16.98% and 24.70% for macro fibers.

Keywords

Polypropylene Fibers; Macro Fibers; Plastic Concrete; Permeability; Ultrasonic Wave Velocity

References

[1]    I. Padron, R. F, Zollo, “Effect of Synthetic Fibers on Volume Stability and Cracking of Portland Cement Concrete and Mortar,” ACI Materials Journal, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 327-332, (1990).

[2]    Y. Ma, M. Tan, K. Wu, “Effect of Different Geometric Polypropylene Fibers on Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Cement Mortars,” Materials and Structures, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 165-169, (2002).

[3]    P. Balaguru, “Contribution of Fibers to Crack Reduction of Cement Composites During the Initial and Final Setting Period,” ACI Materials Journal, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 280-288, (1994).

[4]    P. J., Uno, Plastic shrinkage cracking and evaporation formulas. ACI Materials Journal, 95, pp. 365-375, (1998).

[5]    A., Palos, N. A., D’Souza, C. T., Snively, & R. F. Reidy, Modification of cement mortar with recycled ABS. Cement and Concrete Research, 31(7), pp.1003–1007, (2001).  doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00531-2. 

[6]    A. M. Alhozaimy; P. Soroushian; F. Mirza, “Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete and the Effects of Pozzolanic Materials,” Cement & Concrete Composites, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 85-92, (1996).

[7]    E. S. Bernard, “Durability of Cracked Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete,” 1^st ed, In Shotcrete: More Engineering Developments, p. 8, (2004).

[8]    Z. Bazant, P. E. Becq-Giraudon, “Statistical Prediction of Fracture Parameters of Concrete and Implications for Choice of Testing Standard,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 529-556, (2002).

[9]    M. R. Teklo, R., Murshid, “The Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on the Energy Absorption of Fiber Concrete,” 4^th National Congress of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, May 8, (2008).

[10]  A. Tahershamsi, A. Bakhtiary, N. Binazadeh, “Effects of Clay Mineral Type and Content on Compressive Strength of Plastic Concrete,” Journal of Mining Engineering, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 35-42, (2009).

[11]  S. P. Singh; A. P Singh; V. Bajaj, “Strength and flexural toughness of concrete reinforced with steel-polypropylene hybrid fibres,” Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 495-507, (2010).

[12]  M. H. Madrasi, H. Rahnama, A. Farahani, “Effect of Sea Water on the Properties of Concrete with Polypropylene Fibers,” 6^th National Civil Engineering Congress, Semnan University, Iran, April 27, (2011).

[13]  S. Kazemian, S. Ghareh, L. Torkanloo, “To Investigation of Plastic Concrete Bentonite Changes on its Physical Properties,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 145, pp. 1080-1087, (2016).

[14]  M. Mehmandoost Kotlar, A. Akhtarpour, M. Salari, “A Strain Hardening/Softening Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Model for Plastic Concrete Materials,” Ferdowsi Civil Engineering, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 79-92, (2018).

[15]  H. Bahmani, D. Mostofinejad, “Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Performance Concrete Reinforced by Polypropylene Fibers and Synthetic Macro Fibers (Barchip),” Concrete Research Quarely Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15-26, (2019).

[16]  O. Afzali-Naniz; A. Doostmohammadi; J. Sobhani, “The Effects of Micro and Macro Synthetic Fibers on Drying Shrinkage of Restrained Concrete,” Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, vol. 4, no. 2, 114-129, (2019).

[17]  H. Amini, “Investigating the Effect of Macro Polymer Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Traverse Concrete,” 6^th International Conference on Recent Advances in Railway Engineering, Tehran, Iran, June 9, (2019).

[18]  A. Bagheri, M. Gorgani Firoozjah, A. Jamali, H. Zanganeh, “C‌o‌m‌p‌a‌r‌i‌s‌o‌n of the P‌e‌rf‌o‌r‌m‌an‌ce of Ma‌c‌r‌o-P‌o‌l‌y‌m‌e‌r‌ic Fibers and S‌t‌eel F‌i‌bers in C‌o‌n‌t‌roll‌ing D‌r‌ying S‌h‌r‌in‌k‌age C‌r‌acks of C‌o‌n‌c‌re‌t‌e,” Sharif Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 36.2, no. 1.1, pp. 11-19, (2020).

[19]  S. A. Eshta, A. Salighehzadeh, “Laboratory Study of Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete Containing Silica fume and Barchip Fibers,” Analysis of Structure and Earthquake, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 33-43, (2020).

[20]  A. KhodaBandehLou, A. Asadi Zeynali, “Optimizing the Consumption of Intertwined Macro Synthetic Fibers to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Concrete,” Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 206-224, (2021).

[21]  M. Razzaghian Ghadikolaee, M. Mirzaei, A. Habibnejad Korayem, “Experimental Studies of Workability, Mechanical Behavior and Durability Properties of Basalt-Polypropylene Fibers-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar,” Modares Civil Engineering journal (MCEJ); vol. 21, no. 1, pp.87-102, (2021).

[22]  R. Rostami, M. Zarrebini, K. Sanginabadi, D. Mostofinejad, S. M. Abtahi, H. Fashandi, “The Effect of Hydrophilicity of Macro-Polypropylene Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete,” Modares Civil Engineering journal(MCEJ), vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 89-98, (2021).

[23]  G. Pachideh, M. Gholhaki, “An Experimental Study on the Effects of Adding Steel and Polypropylene Fibers to Concrete on its Resistance After Different Temperatures,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 1606-1620, (2019).

[24]  G. Pachideh, M., Gholhaki, “An Experimental Study on the Performance of Fine-Grained Concrete Incorporating Recycled Steel Spring Exposed to Acidic Conditions,” Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 2458-2470, (2020).

[25]  M. Khalily, V. Saberi, H. Saberi, V. Mansouri, A. Sadeghi, G. Pachideh, “An Experimental Study on the Effect of High Temperatures on Performance of the Plastic Lightweight Concrete Containing Steel, Polypropylene and Glass Fibers,” Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (JSCE), vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 284-307, (2022).

[26]  M. Esmaeeli, S. Ghahari, “Laboratory Study on the Effect of Poly-Propylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Application in Sleeper,” Modares Civil Engineering journal (MCEJ); vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 91-101, (2012).

[27]  C. Jiang, K, Fan, F. Wu, D. Chen, “Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Chopped Basalt Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” Materials & Design, vol. 58, pp. 187-193, (2014).

[28]  B. Chen, J. Liu, “Contribution of Hybrid Fibers on the Properties of the High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Having Good Workability,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 35, pp. 913-917, (2005).

[29]  Y. Mohammadi, F. Seifollahi, “The Effect of Nano-Silica and Polypropylene Fibers on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Normal and Light Weight Concretes,” Modares Civil Engineering journal (MCEJ); vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 187-198, (2017).

[30]  D. A. Fanella, A. E. Naaman, “Stress-Strain Properties of Fiber Reinforced Mortar in Compression,” In Journal Proceedings, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 475-483, (1985).

[31]  ASTM D75/D75M-19, “Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates,” Annual book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.03, p. 7,West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2019).

[32]  ASTM C136-06, “Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates,” Annual book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.02, p. 5,West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2015).

[33]  ASTM D2419-14, “Standard test method for sand equivalent value of soils and fine aggregate,” Annual book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.03, p. 10 West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2022).

[34]  ASTM C88-13, “Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.02, p. 5, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2022).

[35]  ASTM C151-05, “Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement,” Annual book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.01, p. 3,West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2010).

[36]  ASTM C535-16, “Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.02, p.3, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2016).

[37]  ASTM C127-15, “Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate,” Annual book of ASTM standards., vol. 04.02, p. 5, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2016).

[38]  ASTM C128-15, “Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.02, p. 6, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2016).

[39]  www.Masalehshop.com

 [40] https://soufiancement.com

 [41] http://www.meisoon.com/fa/pages/204 

[42]  ASTM C12-22a, “Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.05, p. 9, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2022).

[43]  ASTM C125-21a, “Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.02, p. 9, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2021).

[44]  R. N., Ratu, “Development of Polypropylene Fiber as Concrete Reinforcing Fiber,”, University of British Columbia, (2016).

[45]  A.J. Majumdar; R.W. Nurse, Glass fibre reinforced cement, 15(2-3), pp. 107–127. (1974).  doi:10.1016/0025-5416(74)90043-3.

[46]  ASTM C597-22, “Standard Test Method for Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Through Concrete,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.02, p. 4, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2016).

[47]  R., Jones, Testing of concrete by ultrasonic-pulse technique. In Highway Research Board Proceedings, Vol. 32, (1953). ‏

[48]  ASTM D4832-16e1, “Standard Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.08, p. 6, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2018).

[49]  ASTM C469/C469M-22, “Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression,” Annual book of ASTM standards, vol. 04.02, p.6, West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials, (2022).

[50]  CRD-C48-92, “Standard Test Method for Water Permeability of Concrete, U.S,” Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), (1992).

[51]  F. Moodi, A. Ramezanianpor, F. Farhadian, P. Dashti, “Durability of Cementitious and Geopolymer Coating Mortars Against Sulfuric Acid Attack,” Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 3693-3707, (2021).