The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Community-based Treatment with Methadone agonist on the Executive functions of Substance abusers of Compulsory treatment in Kerman province

پژوهش های روان شناسی بالینی و مشاوره

Article 6, Volume 14, Issue 1 - Serial Number 27, May 2024, Pages 113-130   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/tpccp.2023.70174.1099

Authors

Khosro Ahmadzadeh Shahidian¹; Mitra Kamyabi^{* 2}

¹PhD student of Psychology,Department of Psychology, Zarand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.

²Associate Professor, Department of Psychology.Department of Psychology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract

The present study sought to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic community-based treatment with methadone agonist on the executive functions of substance abusers of compulsory treatment (Substance Abusers of Article 16 of Anti-Narcotics Law) in Kerman province in 1398 and 1399. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study includes all clients (substance abusers) who are quitting at least one of the consumables except nicotine and alcohol and were 3582 people. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by purposive sampling method from drug addicts with arrest warrants and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was in community-based treatment with methadone agonist and the control group was only on the waiting list for treatment. The assessment tool of this study was the Barkley (2011) Failure in Executive Function Questionnaire. The results of this study using analysis of covariance showed that therapeutic community-based treatment with methadone agonist had a significant effect on reducing the scores of time management self-management, self-organization, self-control, self-motivation and self-regulation. And Article 16 substance abusers had lower scores of time self-management, self-organization, self-control, self-motivation, and self-regulation compared to the control group who did not receive treatment. And treatment had the greatest effect on self-control and time self-management with an effect size of 0.473 and 0.45, respectively.

Keywords

Therapeutic Community-based Treatment with Methadone agonist; Executive function; Substance abusers; Compulsory treatment&emsp

References

Aghayousefi, A., Alipour, A., & Oraki, M. (2020). Comparing the effects of combined cognitive behavioral therapy and methadone therapy with the association of narcotics anonymous addicts on executive functions of quitting drugs volunteer addicts in Jiroft. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, 7(2), 366-373. http://journal.jmu.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.html

Anderson, J. D., Wagovich, S. A., & Hall, N. E. (2006). Nonword repetition skills in young children who do and do not stutter. Journal of fluency disorders, 31(3), 177-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.05.001

Barkley, R. A. (2021). Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS). Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119869823

Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). Anxiety and related disorders interview schedule for DSM-5 (ADIS-5)-adult and lifetime version: Clinician manual. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/

Coffman, T. P. (2014). The psychometric properties of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) in a college student population The Florida State University]. https://www.proquest.com/openview/e62cf30d119f7686e3e3a7ff89d8e046/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750

Connolly, C. G., Foxe, J. J., Nierenberg, J., Shpaner, M., & Garavan, H. (2012). The neurobiology of cognitive control in successful cocaine abstinence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 121(1-2), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.007

Glass, J. M., Buu, A., Adams, K. M., Nigg, J. T., Puttler, L. I., Jester, J. M., & Zucker, R. A. (2009). Effects of alcoholism severity and smoking on executive neurocognitive function. Addiction, 104(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02415.x

Golestani, M. (2015). The comparison of executive function in stuttering monolingual and bilingual adolescent. 6Th international conference of cognitive science of Iran, 52-67. https:/www.sid.ir/paper/237085/fa

Heaton, R. K. (1981). Wisconsin card sorting test manual. Psychological assessment resources. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570291224741452928

Kamarzarin, H., Zaree, H., & Brouki, M., Hosin. (2012). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Increasing of Self-Efficacy and Improving of Addiction Symptoms among Drug Dependency Patients [Research]. Research on Addiction, 6(22), 75-85. http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-326-en.html

Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 760-773. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS2215-0366(16)00104-8/

Lee, M. Y., Lee, B. H., Kim, H. Y., & Yang, C. H. (2021). Bidirectional role of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.004

Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Loring, D. W., & Fischer, J. S. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford University Press, USA. https://books.google.com/

Madani, S., Akbari, A., Ali Mohammadi, M., Hassan Rafiey, A., Setareh Foroozan, A., & Shiani, M. (2011). Drug management in Iran: A periodical schema. Addiction Research & Theory, 19(2), 112-120. https:/doi.org/10.3109/16066351003597159

Mashhadi, A., Maleki, Z. H., Hasani, J., & Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei, S. K. (2020). Psychometric properties of Persian version of the Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale-children and adolescents. Appl Neuropsychol Child, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1726352

Mashhadi, A., Mirdoraghi, F., Hosainzadeh-Maleki, Z., Hasani, J., & Hamzeloo, M. (2015). Factor structure, reliability and validity of Persian version of Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS)-Adult version. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 51-62. https:/doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2017.2190

Moghanibashi-mansourieh, A., Fathi, M., Barati Sedeh, F., & Eslamian, A. (2017). Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Compulsory Treatment Interventions in Addicts [Research]. Research on Addiction, 11(42), 141-160. http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1089-fa.html

Moghanibashi‐Mansourieh, A., & Deilamizade, A. (2014). The state of data collection on addiction in I ran. Addiction, 109(5), 854-854. https:/doi.org/10.1111/add.12505

Perron, B. E., & Bright, C. L. (2008). The influence of legal coercion on dropout from substance abuse treatment: Results from a national survey. Drug and alcohol dependence, 92(1-3), 123-131. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.07.011

Raes, F., Schoofs, H., Griffith, J. W., & Hermans, D. (2012). Rumination relates to reduced autobiographical memory specificity in formerly depressed patients following a self-discrepancy challenge: The case of autobiographical memory specificity reactivity. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(4), 1002-1007. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.03.003

Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Khastoo, G., Razzaghi, E., Saberi-Zafarghandi, M. B., Noroozi, A. R., & Jar-Siah, R. (2011). Compulsory methadone maintenance treatment of severe cases of drug addiction in a residential setting in Tehran, Iran (2): Outcome evaluation in two and six-month follow-up. Payesh (Health Monitor), 10(4), 505-514. http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-504-en.html

Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain research reviews, 18(3), 247-291. https:/doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-P

Stevens, A., Berto, D., Heckmann, W., Kerschl, V., Oeuvray, K., Ooyen van, M.,…Uchtenhagen, A. (2005). Quasi-compulsory treatment of drug dependent offenders: An international literature review. Substance use & misuse, 40(3), 269-283. https:/doi.org/10.1081/JA-200049159

WelfareOrganization, I. S. (2017). Special Protocol for Recovery,tretment and harme reduction of Substance use disorder of article 16. https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/847667

Werb, D., Kamarulzaman, A., Meacham, M. C., Rafful, C., Fischer, B., Strathdee, S. A., & Wood, E. (2016). The effectiveness of compulsory drug treatment: a systematic review. International Journal of Drug Policy, 28, 1-9. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.005

Williams, J. M. G., & Dritschel, B. H. (1988). Emotional disturbance and the specificity of autobiographical memory. Cognition & emotion, 2(3), 221-234. https:/doi.org/10.1080/02699938808410925