Explaining the Model of Knowing the Infallible Imam through the Infallible Imam Based on Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's Theory of Interpreting Human through Human

جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام

Article 6, Volume 56, Issue 2 - Serial Number 113, February 2025, Pages 129-155   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/epk.2024.89749.1365

Authors

Vahideh Fakhar Noghani^{* 1}; Fateme Nezafat Yazdi²; Nahid Mashaee³

¹Islamic Knowledge, faculty of theology and Islamic knowledge, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

²Islamic Knowledge. Faculty of Theology and Islamic Knowledge of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

³Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

Knowing the infallible Imam is one of the most important and fundamental beliefs of Shia. Shia scholars have mentioned various ways to know the infallible Imam. One of the neglected ways that enjoys various scriptural evidence is the theory of knowing the infallible Imam through the infallible Imam. In this study, an attempt has been made to explain this method of knowing the infallible Imam by using the theory of interpreting human through human. Therefore, in addition to explaining Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's theory of interpreting human through human, the proposed model of knowing the infallible Imam through himself will be examined and its theoretical foundations and scriptural evidence will be explained through the analysis of the works of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. Based on the results of this research, considering the characteristics of the infallible Imams, such as being the most complete manifestation of God, being incomparable to anyone, and being the standard of truth, any complete knowledge through anyone other than the infallible is ruled out, even impossible. It can also be said that the theory of knowing the infallible Imam through himself can, in a way, complement the theory of knowing human through human.

Keywords

knowing the Imam; interpretation of human through human; model of knowing the infallible Imam; Ayatollah Javadi Amoli

References

Qurān-i Karīm.

Amīnī Najafī, ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn. al-Ghadīr. s.l. s.n. s.d.

ʻArūsī Ḥūwayzī, Shaykh ʻAbd ʻAlī. Tafsīr Nūr al-Thaqalayn. researched by Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥalātī. Qum: Ismāʻīlīyān. 1994/1415.

Barqī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Khālid. al-Maḥāsin. researched by Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥaddith. Qum: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1952/1371.

Daylamī, Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad, Irshād al-Qulūb al-Munjī min ʻAmila bihi min Alīm al-ʻIqāb. researched by Sayyid Hāshim Mīlānī, Irān: Dār al-Usvih li-l-Ṭabā ʿa va al-Nashr. S.d.

Fayḍ Kāshānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī. Tehran: Maktaba al-Ṣadr. 1995/1416.

Ḥurr ʻĀmulī, Shaykh Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan. Wasāʾil al-Shīʻa ilā  Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʻa. researched by ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Rabānī Shīrāzī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī, s.d.

Ibn ʻAbd  al-Wahāb, al-Shaykh Ḥusayn. ʻUyūn al-Muʻjizāt. Qum: Maktaba al-Dāwarī, s.d.

Ibn Abī Jumhūr; al-Aḥsāʾī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm. ʿAwālī al-Laʾālī al-ʿAzīzīyah fī Aḥādīth al-Dīnīyah. researched by Mujtabā al-ʿIrāqī, Qum: Maṭbaʻa Sayyid al-Shuhadā, 1985/1405.

Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʻAlī ibn Mūsā. Iqbāl al-Aʿmāl. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1989/1409.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Adab Fanā-yi Muqarabān.  Vol. 9, researched by Qanbar ʻAlī Ṣamadī va  Iḥsān Ibrāḥīmī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2015/1393.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Adab Fanā-yi Muqarabān. vol. 3, researched by Muḥammad Ṣafāʾī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2010/1388.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Adab Fanā-yi Muqarabān. vol. 6, researched by Muḥammad Ṣafāʾī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2010/1388.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Adab Fanā-yi Muqarabān. Vol. 8, researched by Majīd Ḥydarīfard, Iḥsān Ibrāḥīmī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2012/1391.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Bunyān-i Marṣūṣ Imām Khumaynī. researched by Muḥammad Amīn Shāhjūʾī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2006/1384.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Ḥayāt ʿĀrifānih. researched by ʻAlī Islāmī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2011/1389.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Imām Maḥdī(AS) Mawjūd Mawʿūd. researched by Muḥammad Ḥasan Mukhbir, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2011/1389.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Intiẓār Bashar az Dīn. researched by Muḥammad Riḍā Muṣṭafāpūr, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2011/1389.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Jurʿih-ī az Ṣahbā-yi Ḥajj. researched by Ḥasan Vāʿiẓī Muḥammadī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2010/1388.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Manzilat ʿAql dar Hindisih Maʿrifat Dīnī, researched by Aḥmad Vāʿiẓī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2011/1389.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Sarchashmah Andīshih. vol. 2, researched by ʿAbbās Raḥīmīyān, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2007/1385.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Shurūsh Hidāyat. Vol. 1, researched by ʿAbbās Raḥīmīyān, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2003/1381.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Tabyīn Barāhīn Isbāt Khudā (Taʿālā Shaʾnuhu). researched by Ḥamīd Pārsānīyā, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2006/1384.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Tafsīr Insān bi Insān. researched by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ilāhīzādih, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2011/1389.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Tafsīr Tasnīm. Vol. 26, researched by Ḥusayn Ashrafi; Ḥydar ʻAlī  Ayūbī; Valī Allāh ʻĪsāzādih, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2016/1394.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Tafsīr Tasnīm. Vol. 4, researched by Aḥmad Qudsī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2011/1389.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Tafsīr Tasnīm.vol. 1,  researched by ʻAlī Islāmī, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2010/1388.

Javādī Āmūlī, ʿAbd Allāh. Taḥrīr Risālah. Vol. 2, researched by ʿAbbās Fatḥīyah, Qum: Nashr Asrāʾ, 2015/1393.

Kuliynī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb. al-Kāfī. researched by Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-Drāyatī, Qum: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1967/1387.

Majlisī, Muḥammad Taqī,  Zād al-Maʿād- Miftāḥ al-Janān. Beirut: Mūʾassisa al-Aʻlamī li-l-Maṭbūʻāt. s.d.

Majlisī, Muḥammad Taqī. Biḥār al-Anwār. researched by al-Sayyid Ibrāhīm al-Mīyānjī va Muḥammad al-Bāqir al-Bihbūdī s.l.: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth, 1983/1403.

Marʻashī, Qāżī Nūr Allāh. Iḥqāq al-Ḥaqq wa Izhāq al-Bāṭil. Qum: Maktaba Āyat Allāh Marʻashī Najafī. 1989/1409.

Mīrjalālī, Muḥammad. “Taḥlīlī bar Dīdgāh-i Tafsīrī Qurān bi Qurān ʿAllāmah  Ṭabāṭabāyī”, Majallih Kitāb Qayyim, no. 7, 2012/1391, 53-82.

Muḥaddith Nūrī, Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad Taqī. Mustadrak al-Wasāʾil. Beirut: Mūʾassisa Āl al-Bayt(AS). Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth, 1988/1408.

Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm. al-Ḥikma al-Mutaʻālīya fī al-Asfār al-ʻAqlīya al-Arbaʻa. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī, 1981/1401.

Ṣafār Qimī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. Baṣāiʾr al-Darajāt al-Kubrā  fī Faḍāʾil Al Muḥammad) pbuh (. Ed. Ḥāj Mīrzā Muḥsin Kūchih Bāghī, Tehran: Manshūrāt al-Aʻlamī, 1984/1404.

Sayyid Raḍī, Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad al-Raḍī ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mūsawī, Nahj al-Balāghah. researched by Duktūr Ṣubḥī Ṣāliḥ, Lubnān: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, s.d.

Shaykh Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Nuʿmān. al-Jamal. s.l. s.n. s.d.

Shaykh Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Nuʿmān. Taṣḥīḥ Iʿtiqādāt al-Imāmīya. researched by Ḥusayn  Dargāhī, Qum: Kungirah-yi Shaykh Mufīd, 1994/1414.

Shaykh Ṣadūq; al-Qumī, Abī Jaʻfar Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Bābawayh. al-Tawḥīd. researched by Sayyīd Hāshim Ḥusaynī Tihrānī, s.l.: Jamāʻa al-Mudarrisīn fī al-Ḥawzah al-ʻIlmīyah, s.d.

Shaykh Ṣadūq; al-Qumī, Abī Jaʻfar Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Bābawayh. Maʿānī al-Akhbār. Ed.ʻAlī Akbar Ghafārī, Beirut: Dar al-Maʿrifa, s.d.

Shaykh Ṣadūq; al-Qumī, Abī Jaʻfar Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Bābawayh. al-Amālī. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Baʿtha, 1996/1417.

Shaykh Ṣadūq; al-Qumī, Abī Jaʻfar Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Bābawayh. ʻUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā(AS). Ed. Shaykh Ḥusayn Aʻlamī, Beirut: Mūʾassisa al-Aʻlamī li-l-Maṭbūʻāt. 1984/1404.

Ṭabarsī, Abū Manṣūr, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī. al-Iḥtijāj ʻalā Ahl al-Lajāj. Ed. Muḥammad Bāqir Kharsān, Mashhad: Nashr Murtaḍā, 1983/1403.

Ṭabāṭabāyī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. s.l.: Manshūrāt Ismāʻīlīyān, s.d.

Tamīmī Āmidī, ʻAbd al-Wāḥid ibn Muḥammad. Ghurar al- Ḥikam va Durar al-Kalim. researched by Sayyid Maḥdī Rajāʾī, Qum: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī. 1990/1410.

Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. al-Amālī. Ed. Mūʾassisa al-Baʿtha, Qum: Dār al-Thaqāfa. 1994/1414.