The Role of Possibility of Recovery from Hardship (Jubrān-i Ḥaraj) with an Analytical Approach to Article 56 of the Law of Population

فقه و اصول (Fiqh va uṣūl)

Article 4, Volume 56, Issue 3 - Serial Number 138, November 2024, Pages 83-108   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfiqh.2023.58234.0

Authors

Reza PourSedghi^{* 1}; Ma’soumeh Nafisi Rad²

¹Researcher, Research Center for Jurisprudential Studies, Legal Medicine Research Center

²PhD Candidate, Women’s Studies, Family Law, University of Religions and Denominations; fourth level Seminary Student, Family Jurisprudence, Jamʿiyyat al-Zahra, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Article 56 of the Law of Population has banned abortion on the basis of recovery from hardship (Jubrān-i Ḥaraj). Current literature falls short of addressing the condition of recovery from hardship within jurisprudence, and further studies are needed to align the law with Sharīʿa in this regard. The prevalence of the issue in the society, and the significance of child abortion necessitate special research into topics related to therapeutic abortion. The present research uses an analytical-critical approach and illustrates that due to the possibility of recovery in how customary judgment assesses the cases of hardship, the condition cannot be overlooked altogether. However, its applicability across all instances of hardship is debatable, because given the correlation between the ruling and the subject in this case, and also due to the absence of hardship in certain cases, the reasoning for eliminating hardship (nafy-i al- ḥaraj) does not align. For instance, when the mother is experiencing physical hardship due to lack of medical and caregiving resources and recovery measures can eliminate the hardship. However, in the case of non-physical (psychological) hardships, recovery measures do not necessarily lead to the elimination of hardship, and hardship persists in these cases. Therefore, the application of Article 56 in the condition of possibility of recovery is debatable.

Keywords

hardship (ḥaraj); possibility of recovery; mandūḥa; abortion; malformed fetus; Article 56 of the Law of Population

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