IoT Stingless Bee Colony Monitoring System

ماشین های کشاورزی

Volume 15, Issue 1 - Serial Number 35, March 2025, Pages 47-63   

Document Type: Research Article-en

DOI: 10.22067/jam.2024.86261.1222

Authors

R. J. Arendela¹; R. A. Ebora¹; E. Arboleda^{1, 2}; J. L. M. Ramos^{* 1}; M. Bono²; D. Dimero²

¹Department of Computer, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (DCEE), College of Engineering and Information Technology, Cavite State University, Indang (Main Campus), Indang, Cavite, Philippines

²CvSU Bee Research, Innovation, Trade, and Extension (BRITE) Center, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, Philippines

Abstract

The IoT monitoring system for stingless bee colonies aims to provide real-time information about temperature, humidity, and hive weight in response to the issue of colony collapse disorder (CCD) caused by human intervention in beekeeping. It also aims to improve the current monitoring methods for the bees more effectively and efficiently. The monitoring system features a water-cooling control system to maintain an optimal temperature for Tetragonula Biroi (Stingless Bees). The system also includes a user dashboard for remote monitoring and alerts the beekeeper when it is time to harvest. It’s primarily built around the ESP8266-MOD microcontroller, with an Arduino Mega 2560 R3 for the water valve control system. Data were collected from a DHT22 sensor for temperature and humidity, and load cells connected to an HX711 amplifier for hive weight. The system was tested by comparing samples from the system and actual measuring instruments using MAPE for two months, and it demonstrated 98.74% and 97.89% accuracy for surrounding temperature and humidity, respectively. An accuracy of 95.92% for the weight scale and 93% for the water valve control system was also obtained. Hives equipped with the IoT system gained 3.414% more weight than those without it, indicating that the project succeeded in achieving its objectives.

Keywords

Environmental parameters; Hive weight; IoT monitoring system; Remote monitoring; Stingless bee colony

Supplementary Files

3.xml

f1.jpg

f2.jpg

f3.jpg

f4.jpg

f5.jpg

f6.jpg

f7.jpg

f8.jpg

f9.jpg

References

1. Afrin, S., Haneefa, S. M., Fernandez-Cabezudo, M. J., Giampieri, F., Al-Ramadi, B. K., & Battino, M. (2019). Therapeutic and preventive properties of honey and its bioactive compounds in cancer: an evidence-based review. Nutrition Research Reviews, 33(1), 50-76. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954422419000192
2. Alebachew, G. W. (2018). Economic Value of Pollination Service of Agricultural Crops in Ethiopia: Biological pollinators. Journal of Apicultural Science, 62(2), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2018-0024
3. Ali, N. M. a. a. C., Ilias, N. B., Rahim, N. N. A., Shukor, N. S. a. A., Adom, N. a. H., Saad, N. M. A., & Hassan, N. M. F. A. (2023). Development of Artificial Stingless Bee Hive Monitoring using IoT System on Developing Colony. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 33(2), 254-268. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.33.2.254268
4. Biesmeijer, J. C., Hartfelder, K., & Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L. (2006). Stingless bees: biology and management. Apidologie, 37(2), 121-123. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006020
5. Chan-Rodríguez, D., Ramón-Sierra, J., Lope-Ayora, J., Sauri-Duch, E., Cuevas-Glory, L., & Ortiz-Vázquez, E. (2012). Antibacterial properties of honey produced by Melipona beecheii and Apis mellifera against foodborn microorganisms. Food Science and Biotechnology, 21(3), 905-909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0118-x
6. Chowdhury, B. S., & Raghukiran, N. (2017). Autonomous Sprinkler System with Internet of Things. 12, 5430-5432.
7. Edwards-Murphy, F., Magno, M., Frost, A., Long, A., Corbett, N., & Popovici, E. (2013). Demo Abstract: SmartSync; When Toys meet wireless sensor Networks. In Lecture notes in electrical engineering (pp. 91–96). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03071-5_11
8. Fitzgerald, D. W., Murphy, F. E., Wright, W. M. D., Whelan, P. M., & Popovici, E. M. (2015). Design and development of a smart weighing scale for beehive monitoring. 2015 26^th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC). https://doi.org/10.1109/issc.2015.7163763
9. Harun, A., Zaaba, S., Kamarudin, L. M., Zakaria, A., Farook, R. S. M., Ndzi, D. L., & Shakaff, A. Y. M. (2015). Stingless Bee Colony Health Sensing Through Integrated Wireless System. Journal Teknologi, 77(28). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6798
10. Honeybees vs stingless bees - The real difference (2020) mybeeline. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72649-1_2.
11. Jalil, M. a. A., Kasmuri, A. R., & Hadi, H. (2017). Stingless Bee Honey, The Natural Wound Healer: a review. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 30(2), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1159/000458416
12. Johannsen, C., Senger, D., & Kluss, T. (2020). A DIY sensor kit, Gaussian processes and a multi-agent system fused into a smart beekeeping assistant. 2020 16th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), 92-99. https://doi.org/10.1109/ie49459.2020.9154974
13. Kiros, W., & Tsegay, T. (2017). Honey-bee production practices and hive technology preferences in Jimma and Illubabor Zone of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Agriculture and Environment, 9(1), 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2017-0003
14. Kulkarni, P., & Ozturk, Y. (2010). mPHASiS: Mobile patient healthcare and sensor information system. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 34(1), 402-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2010.03.030
15. Kwapong, P., Aidoo, K., Combey, R., & Karikari, A. (2010). Singless Bees Importance, Management and Utilisation (1st ed.), Unimax Macmillan Ltd. http://zoologie.umons.ac.be/hymenoptera/biblio/01500/KwapongStinglessbeebookpdf.pdf
16. Magno, M., Tombari, F., Brunelli, D., Di Stefano, L., & Benini, L. (2009). Multimodal Abandoned/Removed Object detection for low power video surveillance systems. 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 188-193. https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2009.72
17. Man, M., Bakar, W. a. W. A., & Razak, M. a. B. B. A. (2019). An Intelligent Stingless Bee System with Embedded IoT Technology. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(3), 264-269. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c4124.098319
18. Ochoa, I. Z., Gutierrez, S., & Rodriguez, F. (2019). Internet of Things: Low cost monitoring BeeHive system using wireless sensor network. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering Veracruz (ICEV). https://doi.org/10.1109/icev.2019.8920622
19. Özbalci, B., Boyaci, İ. H., Topcu, A., Kadılar, C., & Tamer, U. (2012). Rapid analysis of sugars in honey by processing Raman spectrum using chemometric methods and artificial neural networks. Food Chemistry, 136(3-4), 1444-1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.064
20. Rosli, H. A., Malik, N. A., & Ahmad, Y. A. (2022). IoT based monitoring system for stingless bees colony in IIUM. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2312(1), 012088. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012088
21. Roubik, D. W. (2014). Stingless bees (Kiwot) in the Philippines Pollination by Honeybees in the Philippines. http://beephilippines.info/stingless-bees/
22. Sforcin, J. M. (2016). Biological properties and therapeutic applications of propolis. Phytotherapy Research, 30(6), 894-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5605
23. Talavera, J. M., Tobón, L. E., Gómez, J. A., Culman, M. A., Aranda, J. M., Parra, D. T., Quiroz, L. A., Hoyos, A., & Garreta, L. E. (2017). Review of IoT applications in agro-industrial and environmental fields. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 142, 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.09.015
24. Tesfa, A., & Kebede, A. (2013). Assessment of Current Beekeeping Management Practice and Honey Bee Floras of Western Amhara, Ethiopia’, Research Gate.
25. Yaacob, M., Rajab, N., Shahar, S., & Sharif, R. (2017). Stingless bee honey and its potential value: a systematic review. Food Research, 2(2), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.2(2).212
26. Yunus, M. a. M. (2017). Internet of Things (IoT) application in meliponiculture. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 9(4). https://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/download/2016/1222
27. Yusof, Z. M., Billah, M. M., Kadir, K., Ali, A. M. M., & Ahmad, I. (2019). Improvement of honey production: A smart honey bee health monitoring system. 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA 2019), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsima47653.2019.9057336
28. Zabasta, A., Zhiravetska, A., Kunicina, N., & Kondratjevs, K. (2019). Technical implementation of IoT concept for bee colony Monitoring. 2022 11^th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/meco.2019.8760180