تأثیر تغییرات آب و هوایی بر امنیت غذایی در کشورهای با درآمد متوسط و کم: مطالعه موردی: ‌غنا و ویتنام

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 31 خرداد 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله کوتاه لاتین

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2024.89769.1281

نویسندگان

تی. تی. ترونگ^{* 1}؛ جی. سلاسی نورتی²؛ تی. اچ. نگوین³

¹دانشکده بازرگانی رابینز، دانشگاه ریچموند، ریچموند، ویرجینیا، ایالات متحده آمریکا

²مدرسه راهنمایی پسرانه پروتستان، لگون، غنا

³دانشکده بازرگانی، دانشکده روابط اقتصادی خارجی، شهر هوشی مین، ویتنام

چکیده

تغییرات آب و هوایی، به‌عنوان یک معضل نگران‌کننده در سراسر جهان، تاثیر قابل‌توجهی بر کشاورزی داشته است. عامل اصلی این موضوع امنیت غذایی به‌ویژه در حوزه تولید و قیمت مواد غذایی است. این مطالعه چگونگی تاثیر تغییرات آب و هوایی بر امنیت غذایی در ویتنام و غنا را ارزیابی می‌کند، کشورهایی که کشاورزی در آن‌ها برای رشد اقتصادی- اجتماعی ضروری است. روش‌های اصلی مطالعه شامل تکنیک‌های قوم‌نگاری و مصاحبه‌های عمیق با 50 کشاورز از هر کشور است؛ در مجموع 100 کشاورز. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تولیدات کشاورزی و سلامت دام در این مناطق به‌طور قابل‌توجهی تحت تاثیر افزایش دما و الگوهای بارندگی نامنظم است. کشاورزان ویتنامی عمدتا با سیل، افزایش سطح دریا و نفوذ آب شور مواجه هستند که تولید برنج در دلتای مکونگ را به خطر می‌اندازند، در حالی‌که کشاورزان غنا بیشتر تحت تاثیر خشکسالی هستند که میزان آب موجود برای کشاورزی دیم را محدود می‌کند. پایداری امنیت غذایی، مستلزم رعایت مواردی از جمله تناوب کاشت، استفاده از محصولات جایگزین و مقاوم و همچنین بهبود فناوری‌های کشاورزی برای مقابله با این خطرات است. نتایج این مطالعه ضرورت اقدامات تطبیقی مانند سیستم‌های آبیاری پیشرفته، بذرهای مقاوم به خشکی و سیستم‌های هشدار اولیه تغییرات شدید آب و هوایی را برجسته می‌کند. برای مقابله با آسیب‌های ناشی از تغییرات آب و هوایی، این نتایج می‌توانند به دولت‌ها، سهامداران کشاورزی و مصرف‌کنندگان کمک کنند تا سیاست‌ها و شیوه‌هایی را توسعه دهند که کیفیت و ثبات غذا را بهبود می‌بخشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

امنیت غذایی؛ تغییرات آب و هوایی؛ غنا؛ کشاورزی؛ ویتنام

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