The Impact of Water and Climate Changes on Food Security in Middle-Low-Income Countries: A Case Study of Ghana and Vietnam

ماشین های کشاورزی

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 June 2025   

Document Type: Short Article- en

DOI: 10.22067/jam.2024.89769.1281

Authors

T. T. Truong^{* 1}; J. Selassie Nortey²; T. H. Nguyen³

¹Robins School of Business, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA

²Presbyterian Boys’ Secondary School, Legon, Ghana

³School of Business, College of Foreign Economic Relations, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstract

As a growing global concern, water and climate changes have had a notable influence on agriculture. The main factor of this issue is food security, particularly in terms of food production and food pricing. This study investigates how climate change affects food security in Vietnam and Ghana, where agriculture is essential to socio-economic growth. The main study methodologies include ethnographic techniques and in-depth interviews with 50 farmers in each nation; 100 farmers in total. Results show that agricultural production and farmer health in these areas are highly vulnerable to increasing temperatures and erratic precipitation patterns. Vietnamese farmers mainly face flooding, sea-level rise, and saltwater intrusion, which endangers rice production, whereas Ghanaian farmers are more susceptible to droughts, which limit the amount of water available for rain-fed agriculture. Food security necessitates a change to alternate, robust crop types and improvements in agricultural technologies to counter these risks. The study highlights the need for adaptive measures such as enhanced irrigation systems, drought-resistant seeds, and early-warning systems for severe weather. These insights can help governments, agricultural stakeholders, and consumers develop policies and practices that improve food quality and stability, supporting sustainable agriculture.

Keywords

Agriculture; Climate change; Food security; Ghana; Vietnam

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