تأثیر هوش معنوی بر مثبت‌اندیشی دانشجویان (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد)

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 5، دوره 9، بهار و تابستان 1396 - شماره پیاپی 17، شهریور 1396، صفحه 75-95   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pmt.v9i1.54566

نویسندگان

الهام بهپور¹؛ علی شیرازی²؛ حامد محمدی شهرودی^{* 3}

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²دانشگاه فردوسی

³فردوسی

چکیده

معنویت، یکی از نیازهای درونی انسان‌ها بوده و متضمن تلاش آدمی ‌‌برای معنا بخشیدن به زندگی و پاسخ به چراهای زندگی است. یکی از موضوعات قابل توجه در این حوزه، ترکیب سازه‌های معنویت و هوش، درون یک سازه جدید به نام هوش معنوی است. هوش معنوی شامل توانمندی‌های فردی در تعامل فرد با جهان هستی و موضوعات فراشناختی میباشد و امروزه از مهم‌ترین مباحثی است که در کلیه ابعاد سلامت روان انسان‌ها، به‌ویژه تقویت مثبت‌اندیشی مطرح شده و نقش پر رنگی در آن دارد. هدف این مطالعه، تعیین میزان تأثیر هوش معنوی بر مثبت‌اندیشی در دانشجویان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد می‌باشد. لذا این مطالعه، یک مطالعۀتوصیفی- پیمایشی بوده و در آن از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده استفاده شده است. به این منظور، داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق دو پرسشنامۀ استاندارد هوش معنوی (شامل درک و ارتباط با سرچشمه هستی و زندگی معنوی) و مثبت‌اندیشی جمع‌آوری گردید. یافته‌ها حاکی از این است که هوش معنوی بر مثبت‌اندیشی مؤثر بوده و همچنین زندگی معنوی دانشجویان بر مثبت‌اندیشی آن‌ها تأثیرگذار است. همچنین مؤلفه درک و ارتباط با سرچشمه هستی پیش‌بینی کننده مثبت‌اندیشی نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

هوش معنوی؛ مثبت‌اندیشی؛ درک و ارتباط با سرچشمه هستی؛ زندگی معنوی

مراجع

Abdollahzadeh, H.; Keshmiri, M., & Arab, A. F. (2007). Construction and standardization of spiritual intelligence questionnaire. (1st ed), Published Psychometric, Tehran, (in Persian).

Abdul Rahman, Z., & Shah, I. M. (2015). Measuring Islamic spiritual intelligence. International Accounting and Business Conference, Iabc, Procedia Economics and Finance, 134-139.

Akbari zadeh, F.; Bagheri, F.; Hatami, F., & Hajivandi, A. (2010). The relationship between spiritual intelligence, hardiness and general health among nurse. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Journal, 6(15), 472-476, (in Persian).

Amrai, K.; Farahani, A.; Ebrahimic, M., & Bagheriand, V. (2011). Relationship between personality traits and spiritual intelligence among university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 12-609.

Amram, Y. (2007). The seven dimensions of spiritual intelligence: An ecumenical, grounded theory. Paper presented at the 115th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.

Babolhavaeji, F.; Rostami N. A.; Tajedini, O., & Hashemi nasab, F. (2010). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and happiness of librarians working in the libraries of Tehran University. Journal of Research in Library and Information Research of University, 45(58), 101-121, (in Persian).

Behloli, A. A.; Karimi Motlagh, M., & Dehghanpour, F. H. (2015). Examine the role of spiritual intelligence on optimism and psychological well-being of teachers in City Taibad of Iran. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5(7), 163-170, (in Persian).

Caprara, G.; Steca, P.; Gerbino, M.; Paciello, M., & Vecchio, G. (2006). Looking for adolescent’s well-being: self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 15(1), 30-43.

Diener, E. D.; Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, Sh. S. (2000). Subjective well- being (the science of happiness and life satisfaction). Journal of Psychological Science, 7, 181-185.

Eagleson, C.; Hayes, S.; Mathews, A., & Perman, G. (2016). The power of positive thinking: Pathological worry is reduced by thought replacement in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 78, 13-18.

Ebrahimi, A.; Keykhosrovani, M.; Dehghani, M., & Javdan, M. (2012). Investigating the relationship between resilience, spiritual intelligence and mental health of a group of undergraduate students. Science Journal, 9(1), 67-70.

Emmons, R. A. (2000). Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 3-26.

Faghihi, S. (2007). The effectiveness of optimism skills on the job satisfaction of Sabzevar car factory. Master's thesis, field of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, (in Persian).

Forster, J. R. (1991). Facilitating positive changes. International Journal of Personal Construct Psychology, 4, 281‐292.

Ghavidel, S.; Giloori, A., & Noshinfard, F. (2011). Librarians and optimism skills: A case study in libraries of universities under the Ministry of Science Research and Technology in Tehran. Research Librarian and Information, 2, 245-262, (in Persian).

Gordeeva, T. O., & Osin, E. N. (2010). Positive thinking as a factor of academic achievement in senior school students. Moscow MV Lomonosov State University, 117(1), 234-240.

Hildebrant, L. S. (2011). Spiritual intelligence: is it related to a leader's level of ethical development? Doctoral thesis, field of Philosophy, Capella University.

Ingram, R. E., & Wisnicki, K. S. (1988). Assessment of positive automatic cognition. San Diego State University. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 898-902.

Kalantarkousheh, S. M.; Sharghib, N.; Soleimanic, M., & Ramezanid, S. (2014). The role of spiritual intelligence on organizational commitment in employees of universities in Tehran Province, Iran Procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 499 – 505.

Keshvari, S. (2010). Relationship between cultural intelligence, positive thinking and mental health in the Ministry of Education. Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Azad University of Sari, (in Persian).

Khodayari fard, M., & Ghobari, B. B. (2011). Construction and psychometric properties of a scale optimism. A Research Project Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran University, (in Persian).

Khodayari, F. M. (2000). Use positive thinking effects in psychotherapy with emphasis on Islamic perspective and Educational Sciences. Journal of Psychology, 30, 140-164, (in Persian).

McSherry, W.; Draper, P., & Kendrick, D. (2002). The construct validity of a rating scale designed to assess spirituality and spiritual care. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39(7), 723-34.

Moallemi, S.; Bakhshani, N. M., & Raghibi, M. (2009). The relationship between mental health, spiritual intelligence and dysfunctional thoughts in Sistan and Baluchestan University. Journal of Mental Health, 12(4), 709-702, (in Persian).

Mohebi, P.; Rastgari, L.; Jafari, E., & sepehrinia, M. (2011). Spiritual intelligence in nursing students and its relationship with some demographic variables. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2, 49-56, (in Persian).

Nohi, E.; Rahimi, N., & Nakhaei, N. (2012). Review of spiritual intelligence in nursing and midwifery students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Journal of the History of Medicine, 17, 78-63, (in Persian).

Peymanfar, M.; Saat Chian, V.; Eghbali, H. B., & Peymanfar, H. (2011). Structural model of factors affecting on the athletes of Zurkhanehs piritual intelligence. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1, 57-68, (in Persian).

Raeisi, M.; Ahmari T. H.; Heydari, S.; Jafarbeyglou, E.; Abedini, Z., & Bathaei, S. A. (2013). Relationship between spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic achievement of students in Qom University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(55), 431-440.

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Regulations. (2015). http://um.ac.ir/pages-display-id-78.html

Rostami, A. M., & Cheraghali Gol, H. (2014). Prediction of marital satisfaction based on spiritual intelligence procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 2573 – 2577.

Sadeghi, M.; Bagherzadeh, L. R., & Haghshenas, M. (2009). Religious attitude and mental health in students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 20(75), 75-71, (in Persian).

Samadi, P. (2005). Cultural intelligence. Journal of New Ideas of Educational, 2(3&4), 114-99.

Schulman, P.; Keith, D., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1993). Is optimism heritable? A study of twins. Behavior Research and Therapy, 31, 569-574.

Schweingruber, D. (2006). Success through a positive mental attitude? The role of positive thinking in door‐to‐door Sales. The Sociological Quarterly, 47, 41-68.

Semiari, H.; Heravi, K. M.; Nasiri, M., & Arabi, F. (2013). The study of spiritual intelligence on dental students of Tehran. Journal of Nursing Education, 3(4), 57-48, (in Persian).

Shahabi, Z. (2005). Investigate the relationship between personality types of A and B with optimism and pessimism in the public administration staff in Tehran. Master's thesis, field of General Psychology, University of Azahra, (in Persian).

Silingiene, V., & Skeriene, S. (2015). Expression of leaders’ spiritual intelligence in a context of service organizations: A gender approach.20th International Scientific Conference Economics and Management (ICEM-2015), Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 758 – 763

Sisk, D. A. (2002). Spiritual intelligence: The tenth intelligence that integrates all other intelligences. Gifted Education International, 16(3), 208-212.

Smith, S. (2004). Exploring the interaction of emotional intelligence and spirituality. Traumatology, 10(4), 231-243.

Sohrabi, F., & Javanbakhsh, A. (2005).The effectiveness of strengthening group therapy optimism skills, on locus of control of high school students in Gorgan. The Journal of Behavior, 16, 59-68, (in Persian).

Tavakkolizadeh, J., & Mohammadpoor, A. (2000). Investigation of depression in medical student in Gonabad Medical Science University. Journal of Medical science of Gonabad University, 7(1), 26-33, (in Persian).

Yadav, S. h., Kohli, N., & Kumar, V. (2016). Spiritual intelligence and ethics in negotiation. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 11(1), 43-54.

Yadollahpour, M. H., & Fazeli Kebria, M. (2014). A comparative study of the concept of spiritual intelligence in terms of psychology and Islam. Islam and Health Journal, 1(1), 48-57, (in Persian).

Zamanlo, S., & Khademi, A. (2012). Spiritual intelligence is the mental health of employees. Journal of Excellence, 3(19 &20), 26-29, (in Persian).