The Microstructure and Physical properties (Permeability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties) of Starch/polyvinyl Alcohol/nanoclay Based Nanocomposite Films

مجله پژوهشهای علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

Article 6, Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 19, April 2012   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/ifstrj.v8i1.14388

Authors

Babak Ghanbarzadeh¹; Ali Akbar Entezami²

¹University of Tabriz

²Professor of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The starch based films have some disadvantages such as weak mechanical and poor water barrier properties that restrict their applications in food packaging. In the present research, the polyvinyl alcohol (POVH), as a compatible polymer, and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay, as a nanofiller, were added to plasticized starch film (PS) to improve its properties and also to produce PS-MMT-PVOH nanocomposits with different MMT content (3,5,7%). The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) villustrated that the nanostructure of investigated starch based nanocomposites films has an exfoliated structure which can be attributed to the good dispersing of filler in polymer matrix. DSC results showed that with adding MMT and increasing its content from 0 to 7%, melting point and Tg increased from 242ᵒC to 262ᵒC and 148ᵒC to 188ᵒC. The results of tensile test showed that addition of PVOH and MMT increased the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and decreased the water vapor permeability (WVP) of nanocomposite films.

Keywords

Plasticized starch; Poly vinyl alcohol; Nanoclay; Nanocomposite

References

الماسی، ه. قنبرزاده، ب. انتظامی، ع. ع.، 1387، ویژگی های نانوکامپوزیتهای نشاسته-کربوکسی متیل سلولز- نانورس، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تبریز.

قنبرزاده، ب. الماسی، ه. زاهدی، ی.، 1388، کناب بیوپلیمرهای زیست تخریب پذیر و خوراکی در بسته بندی مواد غذایی و دارویی، انتشارات دانشگاه امیرکبیر، ص 1 تا 20.

Almasi H., Ghanbarzadeh B, and Entezami AA., 2010, Physicochemical properties of starch–CMC–nanoclay biodegradable films. International journal of biological macromolecules, 46, 1-5.

ASTM. 1995. Standard test methods for water vapor transmission of material.E96-95. Annual book of ASTM, Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.

ASTM. 1996. Standard test methods for tensile properties of thin plastic sheeting. D882-91. Annual book of ASTM, Philadelphia, PA: American Society for testing and Materials.

Averous, L., and Boquillon, N., 2004, Biocomposites based on plasticized starch: thermal and mechanical behaviours. Carbohydrate Polymers, 56, 111-122.

Cao, X., Chen, Y., Chang, P. R., Muir, A. D., and Falk, G., 2008, Starch-based nanocomposites reinforced with flax cellulose nanocrystals. eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2, 7, 502-510.

Chen, Y., Cao, X., Chang, P. R., Huneault, M. A., 2008, Comparative study on the films of poly (vinyl alcohol)/pea starch nanocrystals and poly (vinyl alcohol)/native pea starch. Carbohydrate Polymers, 73, 8-17.

Chivarc, F., Pollet, E., and Averous, L., 2009, Progress in nano biocomposites based on polysaccharides and nanoclays. Materials Science and Engineering R, 67, 1-17.

Cinelli, P., Chiellini, E., Imam, and S. H., 2008, Hybride composite based on poly (vinyl alcohol) and fillers from renewable resources. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 109, 1684-1691.

Cyras, V. P., Manfredi, L. B., Ton T., M. T., and Vazquez, A., 2008, Physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch-montmorillonite nanocomposite films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 73, 55-63.

Dean, K. M., Do, M. D., Petinakis, E., Yu, L., 2008, Key interactions in biodegradable thermoplastic starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite micro and nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 68, 1453-1462.

Ghanbarzadeh, B and Almasi, H., 2011, Physical properties of edible emulsified films based on carboxymethyl cellulose and oleic acid. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 48, 44-49

Ghanbarzadeh, B., Musavi, M., Oromiehie, A. R., Razavi, K, Razmi Rad, E., Milani, J., 2007, Effect of plasticizing sugars on water vapor permeability, surface energy and microstructure properties of zein films. LWT – Food Science and Technology, 40, 1191-1197.

Huang, M. F., Yu, J. G., and Ma, X. F., 2004, Studies on the properties of montmorillonite reinforced thermoplastic starch composites. Polymer, 45, 7017-7023.

Kvien, I., Sugiyama, J., Votrubec, M., Oksmanbec, K., 2007, Characterization of starch based nanocomposites. Journal of Material Science, 42, 8163-8171.

Magalhaes, N. F., and Andrade, C. T., 2009, Thermoplastic corn starch/clay hybrids: effect of clay type and content on physical properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 75, 712-718.

McGlashan, S. A., and Halley, P. J., 2003, Preparation and characterization of biodegradable starch based nanocomposite materials.Polymer International, 52, 1767-1773.

Majdzadeh, K., Nazari, B., 2010, Improving the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/clay nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 70, 1557-1563.

Pandey, J. K., Singh, R. P., 2005, Green nanocomposites from renewable resources: effect of plasticizer on the structure and material properties of clay filled starch. Starch, 57, 8-15.

Paralikar, Sh, A., Simonsen, J., Lombardi, J., 2008, Poly (vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal barrier membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 320, 248-258.

Park, H. M., Lee, W. K., Park, C. W., Cho, W. J., and Ha, C. S., 2003, Environmentally friendly polymer hybrids Part I Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of thermoplastic starch/clay nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science, 38, 909– 915.

Ray, S., Quek, S. Y.,Easteal, A., and Chen, X. D., 2006, The potential use of polymer/clay nanocomposites in food packaging. International Journal of Food Engineering, 2, 4.

Siddaramaiah, R. B., Somashekar, R., 2004, Structure property relation in poly (vinyl alcohol)/starch composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 1, 630-635.

Sorrentino, A., Gorrasi, G., and Vittoria, V., 2007, Potential perspectives of bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 18, 84-95.

Tang, X., Alavi, S., and Herald, T. J., 2008, Barrier and mechanical properties of starch-clay nanocomposite films. Cereal Chemistry, 85, 3, 433-439.

Whan Rhim, J., 2007, Natural biopolymer based nanocomposite films for packaging applications. Food Science and Nutrition, 47, 411-433.

Wilhelm, H. M., Sierakowski, M. R., Souza, G. P., and Wypych, F., 2003, Starch films reinforced with mineral clay. Carbohydrate Polymers, 52, 101-110.

Yang, S. Y., and Huang, C. Y., 2008, Plasma treatment for enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable PVA/starch blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 109, 2452-2459.

Yu. L., Petinakis, S., Katherine, D., Bilyk, A., and Wu, D., 2007, Green polymeric blends and composites from renewable resources. Macromolecular Symposia (Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies), 535-539.

Zeppa, C., Gouanve, F., and Espuche, E., 2009, Effect of a plasticizer on the structure of biodegradable starch clay nanocomposites: thermal, water sorption, and oxygen barrier properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 112, 2044-2056.

Zou, G. X., Qu, J. P., and Zou, X. L., 2007, Optimization of water absorption of starch/PVA composites. Polymer Composites, 674-679.