اثر نیتروژن و گوگرد همراه با باکتری تیوباسیلوس بر عملکرد و محتوای نیترات سیر و فراهمی برخی عناصر غذایی در خاک

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 3، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 48، اسفند 1399، صفحه 563-576  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v34i4.80398

نویسنده

محسن سیلسپور

استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات کشت گلخانه‌ای، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

طی یک آزمایش مزرعه­ای دو ساله، اثرات کاربرد سطوح مختلف نیتروژن از منبع اوره (صفر، 100، 200 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و گوگرد از منبع ساری­کود (صفر، 500 و 1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در یک خاک آهکی، بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی سیر رقم ̕همدان̔ و برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک مطالعه شد. اثر نیتروژن و اثر گوگرد بر عملکرد­، تعداد سیرچه در سیر، وزن تک بوته، وزن سیرچه، ارتفاع بوته و سطح برگ معنی­دار بود و موجب ارتقای این صفات گردید. مصرف 1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد عملکرد سیر را 31 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. مصرف نیتروژن نیز تا سقف 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب افزایش عملکرد سیر به میزان 58 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. بیشترین عملکرد اقتصادی سیر از تیمار مصرف 1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد، 104 درصد افزایش عملکرد داشت. کاربرد 1000 کیلوگرم گوگرد موجب کاهش واکنش خاک نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید و موجب افزایش غلظت آهن برگ به میزان 88 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد و افزایش غلظت روی برگ به میزان 110 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. محتوای نیترات سیر با کاربرد گوگرد کاهش و با کاربرد نیتروژن افزایش معنی­دار یافت. کاربرد گوگرد به میزان 1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار محتوای نیترات سیر را 35 درصد نسبت به شاهد بطور معنی­داری کاهش داد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این پژوهش، برای دست­یابی به حداکثر تولید سیر با محتوای نیترات قابل قبول، مصرف 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن +1000 کیلوگرم گوگرد همراه با باکتری تیوباسیلوس توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آهن خاک؛ سیر؛ گوگرد؛ نیترات؛ نیتروژن

مراجع

1-         Abdel-Fattah A., Rasheed M.A., and Shafei A.M. 2005. Phosphorus availability as influenced by different application rates of elemental sulfur to soils. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 45(2): 199–208.

2-         Adem B.E., and Tadesse S.T. 2014. Evaluating the role of nitrogen and phosphorous on the growth performance of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Asian Journal of Agricultural Research 8: 211–217

3-         Akhavan Z., and Fallah Nosrat Abad A.R. 2013. The effect of sulfur and Thiobacillus inoculants on soil pH, dry matter weight and phosphorus absorption canola. Journal of Soil Management for Sustainable Agriculture 3: 1-13. (In Persian with Persian abstract)

4-         Aliehyaie M. 1996. Methods of chemical analysis of soil.Vol: 2, Thecnical report No: 1024, Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)

5-         Aulakh M.S. 2003. Crop response to sulfur nutrition. In: Sulfur in Plants. [eds. Y.P. Abrol and A. Ahmed]. Kluwer Academic Publication Dordrecht 341-354

6-         Balwan S., Duhan B.S., Yadav H.D., and Kumar V. 2006. Effect of different factors on oxidation of elemental sulfur in soils of Haryana. Haryana Agriculture University Journal Research 36: 31–34.

7-         Barker A.V., and Pilbeam D.J. 2006. Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC Press. pp: 196.

8-         Besharati H. 2017. Effects of sulfur application and Thiobacillus inoculation on soil nutrient availability, wheat yield and plant nutrient concentration in calcareous soils with different calcium carbonate content. Journal of Plant Nutrition 40: 447-456.

9-         Chien S.H., Gearhart M.M., and Villagarcía S. 2011. Comparison of ammonium sulfate with other nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers in increasing crop production and minimizing environmental impact: a review. Soil Science 176 (7): 327-335.

10-     Cui Yanshan., Dong Y.T., Li H.F., and Wang Q.G. 2004. Effect of elemental sulfur on solubility of soil heavy metals and their uptake by maize. Environment International 30(3): 323-328.

11-     Delfin S., Tognetti R., Dsiderio E., and Alvino A. 2005. Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat.Agronomy of Sustainable Development 25: 183-191.

12-     Diriba-Shiferaw G., Nigussie-Dechassa R., Woldetsadik K., Tabor G., and Sharma J.J. 2015. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilizers on growth, yield, and economic returns of garlic (Allium Sativum L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 4(2): 10–22.

13-     Ebrahimi M.H., Sharafzadeh M., and Bazrafshan F. 2014. The influence of nitrogen levels on growth and bulb yield of two garlic cultivars. European Journal of Experimental Biology 4(1): 270-272

14-     El-Kholy A.M., Ali O.M., El-Sikhry E.M., and Mohamed A.I. 2013. Effect of sulfur application on the availability of some nutrients in Egyptian soils. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 53(3): 361-377

15-     El-Zohiri S.S.M., and Abdou Y.M. 2009. Response of garlic plants to nitrogen levels and some growth stimulant. Annals of Agricultural Science 47(3): 361-374.

16-     Eriksen J. 2009. Soil sulfur cycling in temperate agricultural systems. Advance Agronomy 102: 55–89.

17-     Farooqui M.A., Naruka I.S., Rathore S.S., Singh P.P., and Shaktawat R.P.S. 2009. Effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.)”. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry. Special Issue.

18-     Fazili I.S., Jamal A., Ahmad S., Masoodi M., Khan J.S., and Abdin M.Z. 2008. Interactive effect of sulfur and nitrogen on nitrogen accumulation and harvest in oilseed crops differing in nitrogen assimilation potential. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31(7): 1203-1220.

19-     Getu S. 2015. Assessment of garlic production practices and effects of different rates of NPS fertilizer on yield and yield components of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) under irrigated farming system in Yilmana Densa district, Amhara Region, Ethiopia MSc Thesis. Bahir Dar University.

20-     Hammad S.A., El-Hamdi Kh. H., Abou El-Soud M.A. and El-Sanat G.M.A. 2007. Effect of some soil amendments application on the productivity of wheat and soybean, mobility and availability of nitrogen. Journal of Agriculture Science Mansoura University 32(9): 7953–7965.

21-     Havlin J.L., Beaton J.D., Tisdale S.L., and Nelson W.L. 2004. Soil fertility and fertilizers. An introduction to nutrient management. 7^th edn. Person Education Inc. Singapore. pp. 221

22-     Hore J.K., and Chanchan M. 2003. Influence of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed. 10: 14–18.

23-     Hu H., Spark D., and Evan J.J. 1991. Sulfur deficiency influences vegetative growth, chlorophyll and element concentration s, and amino acids of pecan. Journal of American Society of Horticalture Science 116: 974–980.

24-     Hore J.K., Ghanti S., and Chanchan M. 2014. Influence of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Journal of Crop and Weed 10(2): 14-18.

25-     Hsu J., Arcot J., and Lee A. 2009. Nitrate and nitrite quantification from cured meat and vegetables and their estimated dietary intake in Australians. Food Chemistry 115:334–339.

26-     Imen A., Najjaa H., and Neffati M. 2013. Influence of sulfur fertilization on S-containing, phenolic, and carbohydrate metabolites in rosy garlic (Allium roseum L.): A wild edible species in North Africa. European Food Research Technology 237: 521-527.

27-     Kaker A.A., Abdullahzai M.K.; Saleem M., and Qaim Shah S.A. 2002. Effect of nitro-genous fertilizer on growth and yield of garlic. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1(5): 544-545.

28-     Karimizarchi M., Aminuddin H., Khanif M.Y., and Radziah O. 2013. Elemental sulfur oxidation rate in a Malaysian high pH soil. In: Soil Science Conference of Malaysia. K. Wan Rasidah (eds). pp. 39-43. Pahang: Malaysian Society of Soil Science.

29-     Karimizarchi M., Aminuddin H., Khanif M.Y., and Radziah O. 2014. Elemental Sulfur Application Effects on Nutrient Availability and Sweet Maize (Zea mays L.) Response in a high pH Soil of Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science 18: 75-86

30-     Khan A.A., Zubair M., Bari A., and Maula F. 2007. Response of onion (Allium cepa L.) growth and yield to different levels of nitrogen and zinc in swat valley. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 23(4): 933.

31-     Khavazi K., Nougholipour F., and Malakouti M.J. 2001. Effect of Thiobacillus and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on increasing P availability from rock phosphate for corn. International Meeting on Direcct Application of Rock phosphate and related Technology. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.

32-     Kilgore M.J., Magahi M.D., and Yakubu A.I. 2007. Productivity of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars as affected by different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers in Sokoto, Nigeria. American – Eurasian Journal of Environmental Science 2(2): 158-162.

33-     Klikocka H. 2011. The effect of sulfur kind and dose on content and uptake of micro-nutrients by potato tubers (Solanum tubersosum L.). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 10(2): 137-151.

34-     Lindsay W.L. 1979. Chemical Equilibriums in Soils. New York. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

35-     Magray M.M., Chattoo M.A., Narayan S., and Mir S.A. 2017. Influence of Sulfur and Potassium Applications on Yield, Uptake & Economics of Production of Garlic, International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience 5(5): 924-934

36-     Martins N., Petropoulos S., and Ferreira I.C.F.R. 2016. Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions: A review. Food Chemical 211: 41-50.

37-     Mashhadi Jafarlou A. 2006. Effect of Irrigation frequency and different Levels of nitrogen and sulfur on garlic Yield. Master's Thesis. Department of Soil Science. Zanjan University.

38-     Mayer J.E., Pfeiffer W.H., and P Beyer. 2008. Biofortified crops to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 11(2): 166-170.

39-     Menesatti P., Antonucci F., Pallottino F., and Intrigliolo F. 2010. Estimation of plant nutritional status by Vis-NIR spectropHotometric analysis on orange leaves (Citrus sinensis). Jounal of Agricultural Engenearing Reserch 105: 448-54.

40-     Mohammadi Aria M., Lakzian A., Haghnia G.H., Berenji A.R., Besharati H., and Fotovat A. 2010. Effect of Thiobacillus, sulfur and vermicompost on the water-soluble phosphorous of hard rock phosphate. Bioresource Technology 101: 551-554

41-     Mostafa M.A., El-Gala A.M., Wassif M., El Maghraby S.E., and Hilal M.H. 1990. Distribation of some micronutrients through a calcareous soil columns under sulfur and saline water application. Proceedings Middle East Sulfur Symposium. 12–16 February. Cairo. Egypt. pp 263–276.

42-     Motior M.R., Abdou A.S., Fareed H.A.D., and Sofian M.A. 2011. Responses of sulfur, nitrogen and irrigation water on Zea mays growth and nutrients uptake. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5(3): 347-357.

43-     Mulatu A., Tesfaye B., and Getachew E. 2014. Growth and bulb yield garlic varieties affected by nitrogen and phosphorus application at Masan Worde, South Central Ethiopia. Sky Journal of Agricultural Research 3: 249–255.

44-     Nasef I.N., and Elwan M.W.M. 2016. Response of Yield and Quality of Garlic to Nitrogen Sources and Foliar Spray with Sulfur Treatments.  Journal of Plant Production. Mansoura University 7(12): 112-119

45-     Nasreen S., Haque M.M., Hossain M.A., and Fadid A.T.M. 2007. Nutrient uptake and yield of onion as influenced by nitrogen and sulfur fertilization. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research. 32(3): 413-420.

46-     Nouri M., and Bayat F. 2016. Changes in Vegetative Growth Indicators and Garlic Performance in Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Levels. Two Seasons Letters of vegetables. Ilam University.

47-     Pavlou G.C., and Ehaliotis C. 2007. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied during successive crop season on growth and nitrite accumulation in lettuce. Scientia Horticulturae 111(4): 319-325.

48-     Safaa M M., Khaled S.M., and Hanan S. 2013. Effect of elemental sulfur on solubility of soil nutrients and soil heavy metals and their uptake by maize plants. Journal of American Science 9(12): 19-24.

49-     Salimpour S., Khavazi K., Nadian H., Besharati H., and Miransari M. 2010. Enhancing phosphorus availability to canola (Brassica napus L.) using P solubilizing and sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4: 330-334.

50-     Salimpour S., Khavazi K., Nadian H., Besharati H., and Miransari M. 2012. Canola oil production and nutrient uptake as affected by phosphate solubilizing and sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Journal of Plant Nutrition 35: 1997-2008.

51-     Sameni A.M., and Kasraian A. 2004. Effect of agricultural sulfur on characteristics of different calcareous soils from dry regions of Iran. I. Disintegration rate of agricultural sulfur and its effects on chemical properties of the soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35(9-10): 1219-1234.

52-     Sebnie W., Mengesha M., Girmay G., and Tesfaye Feyisa T. 2018. Response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus under irrigation in Lasta district of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture 4: 1532862

53-     Skwierawska M., Zawartka L., Skwierawski A., and Nogalska A. 2012. The effect of different sulfur doses and forms on changes of soil heavy metals. Plant, Soil and Environment 58:135-140.

54-     Susana C.B., Johannes L., Dawit S., Eduardo F.C., and Luís R.F.A. 2013 Sulfur forms in organic substrates affecting S mineralization in soil. Geoderma 156–164.

55-     Vidyalakshmi R., Paranthaman R., and Bhakyaraj R. 2009. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria and pulse nutrition-A review. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(3): 270-278

56-     Ye R., Wright A.L., and McCray J.M. 2011. Seasonal changes in nutrient availability for sulfur -amended everglades soils under sugarcane. Journal of Plant Nutrition 34(14): 2095-2113.

57-     Zaki H.E.M., Toney H.S.H., and Abd Elraouf R.M. 2014. Response of two garlic cultivars (Allium sativum L.) to inorganic and organic fertilization. Nature and Science 12(10): 52-60.

58-     Zapata F., and Roy R.N. 2004. Use of phosphate rocks for sustainable agriculture. Publication of the FAO Land and Water Development Division 117-122.

59-     Zhou Y., Haneklaus S., Singh B.R., and Schnug E. 2008. Effect of repeated applications of elemental sulfur on microbial population, sulfate concentration, and pH in soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39: 124–140.