MixcrpIntroduction
Mixcrping is one of the components of sustainable agriculture, if done correctly and the appropriate plant species are selected, it increases yield, improves economic efficiency, preserves natural resources, and increases the efficiency of resource use in organic farming. It is also could be useful in pest, diseases and weeds control. Mixcroping of oilseeds and legumes is a type of mixcroping systems that increases the performance of the mixed components, reduces the need for nitrogen fertilizer compared to pure cultivation, increases the efficiency of the consumption of nutrients and water, and causes disruption of specific host diseases. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the weed control methods and the land equation ratio under the influence of mixcroping bean and sesame.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted as a 6x3 factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2019-2020 in the research farm of Hossein Abad village at Shirvan- Iran. The investigated treatments include different proportions of sesame mixture in pinto beans at 6 levels (100:0, 100:25, 100:50, 100:75, 100:100 and 0:100) at the optimal bean density (40 m-2) and sesame in optimal density (40 plants m-2) and weed control methods in 3 levels including the use of trifluralin herbicide (960 a.i. ha-1 ) mixed with the soil two weeks before planting, and hand weeding 35 and 55 days after planting. Sampling of weeds was done 35, 55, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after planting (DAP) in an area of half square meter and weeds were counted according to genus and species then their dray mater was determined. At the end of the season, after harvesting of beans and sesame, their biomass, seed yield and land equation ratio (LER) were meseared. Statistical analysis of data was done using SAS (version 9.4) and SPSS statistical software. Also, plots and figures were drawn using Excel software (2013 version) and comparisons were made with the least significant difference (LSD) test at the five percent probability level.
Results
The highest weed biomass (5.94 gr. m-2) and weed density (6.67 plants m-2) were related to hand weeding 35 days after planting in the mixcroping ratio of 25:100 and hand weeding 55 days in pure bean cultivation respectively. The lowest biomass (1.08 grams per square meter) related to the treatment of using trifluralin in pure beans and the lowest weed density (1 plant m-2) were related to the hand weeding treatment 55 days after planting in the mixcroping ratio of 75:100 and the the aplication of trifluralin in mixcroping ratio of 100:100. By increasing the sampling time of weeds from 60 to 70, 80 and 90 days after planting, their density and biomass increased significantly So that 90 days after planting, the higest weed biomass (4.33 gr. m-2) was obtained in hand weeding treatment 35 days after planting in a ratio of 25:100 of beans and sesame, and the lowest weed biomass (1.19 gr. m-2) related to hand weeding treatment 55 days after planting in a ratio of 100:100 beans and sesame. Based on the results, the highest seed yield (280.71 gr. m-2) and biomass (765.17 gr. m-2) of beans were obtained in the mixcroping ratio of 50:100. The lowest seed yield (12.08 gr. m-2) and biomass (411.18 gr. m-2) of sesame was related to hand weeding treatment 55 days after planting in 50:100 cultivation ratio. The highest LER ( 1.80) related to hand weeding treatment 55 days after planting in mixcroping of 75:100 of beans and sesame.
Conclusion
According to the results of this research, mixcroping of sesame and beans with a ratio of 75:100 pluse 55 days after planting can be useful and recommended in the management of weeds in mixcroping of sesame and beans in Shirvan conditions.
According to the results of this research, mixcroping of sesame and beans with a ratio of 75:100 pluse 55 days after planting can be useful and recommended in the management of weeds in mixcroping of sesame and beans in Shirvan conditions.
Key words : Land equation ratio, Trifluralin, Weeding date, mixcroping ratio weed
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Key words : Land equation ratio, Trifluralin, Weeding date, mixcroping ratio weed
Key words : Land equation ratio, Trifluralin, Weeding date, mixcroping ratio weed................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ |
