مروری بر کاربرد علم داده و یادگیری ماشین در مدیریت آب کشاورزی

آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 5، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32، شهریور 1403، صفحه 39-56   

نوع مقاله: فنی و ترویجی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v11i2.2402.1310

نویسندگان

رضا دلباز؛ حامد ابراهیمیان^*

گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

مدیریت آب در کشاورزی از طریق فناوری‌ها و نوآوری‌های جدید قابل ارتقا است. از جمله فناوری‌های رو به رشد، علم داده و یادگیری ماشین است. علم داده یک حوزه رو به رشد در دنیای فناوری اطلاعات است که به تحلیل، استخراج اطلاعات، و فهم الگوها و روابط در داده‌های بزرگ کمک می‌کند. این حوزه در صنایع مختلف و بخصوص در زمینه‌های کشاورزی و محیط‌زیست نقش مهمی ایفا می‌کند. یکی از زمینه‌هایی که علم داده در آن تأثیر بسزایی دارد، زمینه علوم و مهندسی آب است. هدف این پژوهش ارائه یک تعریف جامع از علم داده و بررسی مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه است. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، 10 درصد مطالعات انجام شده این حوزه در کشاورزی، به موضوع مدیریت آب اختصاص یافته‌اند. همچنین در بین کل مطالعات انجام شده در این حوزه بین سال‌های 2018 تا 2020، ایران سهم 5/62 درصدی بین این مطالعات داشته است. تمرکز پژوهشگران نیز، بیشتر در موضوعات تعیین تبخیر-تعرق گیاه، پیش‌بینی عملکرد و تعیین کیفیت آب بوده است. با این حال با توجه به نوظهور بودن این فناوری، هنوز خلاء‌های مطالعاتی در این حوزه وجود دارد که انتظار می‌رود در آینده نظر محققین به آن‌ها جلب شود. از طرف دیگر، همانند سایر فناوری‌های جدید، مشکلاتی در زمینه اجرا و پیاده‌سازی آن وجود دارد که برای حل این مشکلات، لازم است تا سیاستمداران، محققین، و کشاورزان با همکاری یکدیگر، راهکارهایی را ارائه کنند که بتوانند از مزایای علم داده به شکل بهینه استفاده کنند و در عین حال به چالش‌ها و مشکلات موجود پاسخ دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری؛ داده‌کاوی؛ سنجش از دور؛ مدیریت آب؛ هوش مصنوعی

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