Bio and sequence stratigraphy of Tirgan Formation in the eastern Kopet-Dagh Basin(Khore syncline in northeast of Mashhad)

رخساره‌های رسوبی

Article 3, Volume 3, Issue 1, February 2011   

Document Type: مقالات پژوهشی

DOI: 10.22067/sed.facies.v3i1.2610

Authors

Batool Rivandi^* ; Mahdi Nadjafi; Seyed Reza Mousavi Harami; Asadollah Mahboubi; Mohammad Vahidinia

Abstract

Barremian-Aptian Tirgan Formation has an exellent northwest- southeast trending exposure in eastern part of the Kopet-Dagh Basin. This formation consists mainly of oolitic and Orbitolina limestone and shale interbeds. It is conformably overlain and underlain by the Sarcheshmeh and Shurijeh Formations respectively. In order to recognize the sedimentary facies and study the bio and sequence stratigraphy, two stratigraphic sections were measured and sampled in northestern and southwesterern flanks of Khore syncline. The results of this study revealed that these sediments are deposited in shallow carbonate ramp and in 4 facies belt including open marine, bar, lagoon and tidal flat. Based on sequence stratigraphic analysis, 2 depositional sequences have been identified that are bounded by type 2 sequence boundries. Paleontological studies in this area show the present of two fossil associations from bentonic foraminifers and calcareous green algae. For the first time, Juraella bifurcata is reported from the eastern Kopet-Dagh basin. Based of recognition of 8 genuses and 11 species of bentonic foraminifers and 3 genuses and species of calcareous green algae in Khore syncline, we suggest Barremian- Aptian age for these sediments.

Keywords

Tirgan Formation; Kopet-Dagh basin; Carbonate ramp; Sequence stratigraphy

References

افشارحرب، ع.، ۱۳۷۳، زمین شناسی کپه داغ. سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، ۲۷۵ ص.

ریوندی، ب.، نجفی، م.، موسوی حرمی، ر.، محبوبی، ا.، وحیدی نیا، م.، موسوی زاده، م.ع.، 1386. چینه نگاری زیستی و سکانسی سازند تیرگان در ناودیس خور در شمال شرق مشهد. یازدهمین همایش انجمن زمین شناسی ایران، صفحه 563.

ریوندی، ب.، نجفی، م.، موسوی حرمی، ر.، محبوبی، ا.، وحیدی نیا، م.، 1389. چینه نگاری زیستی سازند تیرگان در دو ناحیه جوزک و چمن بید واقع در غرب حوضه رسوبی کپه داغ. مجله پژوهشهای چینه نگاری و رسوب شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان، (زیر چاپ).

Adachi, N., Ezaki, Y. & Liu, J., 2004. The origins of peloids immediately after the end-Permian extinction, Guizhou Province, South China. Sedimentary Geology, 164: 161-178.

Bachmann, M. & Hirsch, F., 2006. Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform of the eastern Levant (Galilee and the Golan Heights): stratigraphy and second-order sea-level change. Cretaceous Research, 27: 487-512.

Burchette, T.P., & Wright, V.P., 1992. Carbonate ramp depositional systems. Sedimentary geology, 79: 3-35.

Carozzi, A.V., 1989. Carbonate Rock Depositional Modle: A Microfacies Approach.Prentice-Hall, 604 p.

Carvalho, M.V.F., Ros, L.F.D., & Gomes, N.S., 2006. Carbonate cementation patterns and diagenetic reservoir facies in the Campos Basin Cretaceous turbidities, offshore eastern Brazil. Marine and Petrol. Geol., 12 (7): 741-758.

Dickson, J.A.D., 1966. Carbonate identification and genesis as revealed by staining. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 36: 441-505.

Dunham, R.J., 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Ham, W.E., (Ed.), Classification of Carbonate Rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 1: 108–121.

Embry, A.F., 2002. Transgressive-Regressive (T-R) Sequence Stratigraphy. 22nd Annual Gulf Coast Section, SEPM Foundation Bon F. Perkins Research Conference, p. 151-172.

Flugel, E., 2004, Microfacies Analysis of Carbonate Rocks, Analyses, Interpretation and Application. Springer-verlag, Berlin, 976 p.

Haq .B.U., Hardenbol, J. & Vial, P.R., 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea level. Science, 235: 1156-1167.

Husinec, A., Velic, I., Fucek, L., Vlahovic, I., Maticec, D., Ostric, N., & Korbar, T., 2000. Mid-Cretaceous orbitolinid (Foraminiferida) record from the islands of Cres and Losinj (Croatia) and its regional stratigraphic correlation. Cretaceous Research, 21: 155- 171.

Ketzer, J.M.M., 2002. Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy, Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala. Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and technology, no. 762, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, 30 p.

Penney, S.J., & Racey, A., 2004. Ecology of extant nummulitids and other larger benthic foraminifera: applications in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Earth Science Reviews, 67: 219–265.

Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., Brenner, R.L. & Gonzalez, L.A., 2001. Diagentic history of the Late Paleocene potential carbonate reservoir rocks, Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran. Jornal of Petroleum Geology, 25: 465-484.

Moussavi-Harami, R., 1993. Depositional history and paleogeography of the Lower Paleocene red beds in eastern Kopet-Dagh basin northeastern Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, 4: 126-143.

Pittet, B., Van Buchem, F.S.P., Hillgartner, H., Razin, P., Grotsch, J., & Droste, H., 2002. Ecological succession, palaeoenvironmental change and depositional sequences of Barremian-Aptian shallow water carbonates in northern Oman. Sedimentology, 49: 555-581.

Read, J.F., 1985. Carbonate platform facies models. American Association Petroleum Geology, Bulletin 69: 1-12.

Ruttner, A.W., 1993. Southern borderland of Triassic Laurasia in northeast Iran. Geol. Rund., 82: 110-120.

Tuker, M.E., 2001. Sedimentary Petrology (3rd edition). Blackwell, Oxford, 260 p.

Yilmaz, I.O., & Altiner, D., 2007. Cyclostratigraphy and sequence boundaries of inner platform mixed carbonate–siliciclastic successions (Barremian–Aptian) (Zonguldak, NW Turkey). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 30: 253-270.