گفتمان غالب جهانی‌شدن و سیاست های توسعه شهر (نقدی بر پروژه‌های سرمایه‌گذاری در شهر مشهد)

پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی

مقاله 1، دوره 1، شماره 4، بهمن 1395، صفحه 1-20   

نوع مقاله: مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pg.v1i4.61210

نویسندگان

محمدحسن رضوی^* ؛ مظفر صرافی؛ جمیله توکلی نیا؛ محمدتقی رضویان

دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

پرسش آغازین مقاله پیش رو این است که جهانی شدن چگونه موجب تغییر در شهرهای ایران و به ویژه شهر مشهد شده است؟ درحالی که بیشتر نوشته های موجود نشان می دهند کشور ایران و شهرهای آن، جایگاهی در سلسله مراتب شهرهای جهانی ندارند و نتیجه گیری می کنند که جهانی شدن تأثیر چندانی بر آن ها نداشته است. این مقاله ادعا می کند که جهانی شدن به مثابه گفتمان غالب یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم در تحلیل تغییرات شهری در ایران و مشهد است. این گفتمان غالب، که "برداشت خطی-عددی از جهانی شدن" و سیاست "بازساخت فضای شهری برای جهانی شدن" دو مورد از گزاره های اصلی آن را تشکیل می دهد، با عنوان جهانی شدن نولیبرالیسم نام گذاری شده و ابعاد آن در ایران تحلیل شده است. تحلیلی از توزیع فضایی پروژه های سرمایه گذاری در شهر مشهد نیز با این رویکرد بررسی شده است. در پایان به ضرورت اندیشیدن به برداشت بدیل از جهانی شدن برای خلق فضایی متمایز از آنچه اکنون وجود دارد، پرداخته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

جهانی‌شدن؛ شهر؛ شهرهای جهانی؛ شهر مشهد؛ گفتمان؛ نولیبرالیسم

مراجع

1. Abdolahi, A. (2008). Globalization, Metropolises and transforming patterns of urban-rural development (the case of poverty and inequality in Mashhad Metropolis, Mashhad: PhD. Thesis in the Geography and Rural Planning in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [in Persian].

2. Amin, A & Thrift, N. (2002). Cities; Re-imagining the urban. Cambridge: Polity.

3. Biau, D. (2012). Are Asian Cities Shaped by Global Forces? Economic & Political Weekly, vol xlvii(29): 31-33

4. Brenner, N. (2014). Implosions/Explosions, Towards a Study of Planetary Urbanization, Urban Geography,Pp.1-3.

5. Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the geographies of ‘actually existing neoliberalism’. Antipode, 34, 349–379.

6. Castells, M. (2001). Information Age; economy, society and culture. 2nd volume,Translated by Chavoshian, H. Tehran Tarhe Now publication. [in Persian].

7. Clark, w.a.v and Hosking, p.l. (1986). Statistical Methods for geographers, New York: John Wiley and sons.

8. Cliff, A.D. and Ord, J.K. (1973). Spatial autocorrelation. London: Pion.

9. Cox, R.W. (2002). Political economy of a plural world: Critical reflections on power, morals and civilization. New York, NY: Routledge.

10. Deleuze, G. (2013). Foucault, Translated by Sarkhosh, N. & Jahandideh, A. Tehran: Nashre Ney, [in Persian].

11. DeSousa, C. A. (2002) : Brownfield Redevelopment in Toronto:an examination of past trends and future prospects. Land Use Policy 19. PP: 297-309.

12. Dreyfus, H. L. & Rabinow, P. (2003). Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Translated by Bashiriyeh, H. Tehran: Nashre Ney. [in Persian]

13. Fakuhi, N. (2004). Urban anthropology,Tehran: Nashre Ney,[in Persian].

14. Faocoualt, M. (2010). Teather of philosophy,translated by Jahandide A & Sarkhosh, N. Tehran: Nashre Ney, [in Persian].

15. Farnahad Consulting (2009). Mashhad Master Plan, Land and space report, Mahhad, [in Persian].

16. Friedmann, J. & Wolff, G. (1982). World cityformation: an agenda for research and action. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 6(3); 309-344

17. Friedmann, J. (1995). Where we stand: a decade of world city research. in P. Knox and P. Taylor (eds.), World cities in a world-system. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

18. Friedmann, J. (2005). Globalization and the emerging culture of planning. Progress in Planning 64: 183-234.

19. Ghurchi, M. (2012). Explaining formation of global cities with implication for Tehran to be a global city, Tehran: PhD. Thesis in the Geography and Urban Planning in Tarbiat Modares University. [in Persian].

20. Hall, P. (1966). The world cities. London: Weidenfeldand Nicolson.

21. Hall, P. (1998). Information technology, globalization and regional development. In Gravesteijn,S.G.E., Griensven, S. and Smidt, M., editors, Timing global cities, Utrecht: Netherlands Geographical Studies, 101-115.

22. Harvey, D. (2012). A brief history of neoliberalism, translated by Abodlahzade, M. Tehran, [in Persian].

23. Hopkins, L. (1977). Methods for generating land suitability maps: a comparative evaluation. Journal for American Institute of Planners 34 (1), 19–29.

24. Iranzade, S. (2001). Globalization and strategic shifts in the management and organization, Tabriz: Center for Teaching Management. [in Persian].

25. Jafre, M. & Saffar, R. (2011). Methods of Foreign Direct Investment. Economic-Political Information. (283). Pp 160-172. [in Persian].

26. Karaman, O. (2010). Remaking Space for Globalization: Dispossession through Urban Renewal in Istanbul, A DISSERTATION. MINNESOTA: THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA.

27. Karaman, O.(2013). Urban neoliberalism with Islamic characteristics. Urban Studies, 50(16): 3412-3427

28. Komeyjani, A. & Ghavidel, S. (2006) the impact of the foreign direct investment in the employment in service sector in Iran, Economic Research Journal. (76). Pp 29-50, [in Persian].

29. Lee, Jay Wong and David.w.s. (2001). Statistical analysis with Arcview GIS. New York: John Wiley and sons, pp: 135-137

30. Lefebvre, H. (2003 (1970)). The Urban Revolution. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.

31. Maljou, M. (2013a). Political economy of 11th government [in Persian]. downloaded at 03/04/2016 from https://pecritique.com

32. Maljou, M. (2013b). Economies of commodification labor power in 11th government [in Persian]. downloaded at 03/04/2016 from https://pecritique.com

33. Maljou, M. (2014a). Accumulation economy via disposition in 11th government [in Persian]. downloaded at 03/04/2016 from https://pecritique.com

34. Maljou, M. (2014c). Commodification of nature in the 11th government [in Persian]. downloaded at 03/04/2016 from https://pecritique.com

35. Maljou, M. (2015). Criticizing the political economy project of 11th government [in Persian]. downloaded at 03/04/2016 from https://pecritique.com

36. Maljou, M. (2016). Commodification of higher education in the 11th government [in Persian]. downloaded at 03/04/2016 from https://pecritique.com

37. Mashhad Municipality. (2009). Social GIS of Mashhad Municipality. Mashhad

38. McKinnon, M. (2011). Asian Cities: Globalisation, Urbanisation and Nation-Building . Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.

39. Myers, D& Wyatt, P. (2004). Rethinking urban capacity: identifying and appraising vacant buildings. Building Research & Information, 32 (4). Pp: 285-292.

40. Peck, J. (2001). Neoliberalizing states: Thin policies/hard outcomes. Progress in Human Geography, 25, 445–455.

41. Phillips, L. and Jørgensen, M. (2010). Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method, translated by Jalili, H. Tehran: Nashre Ney, [in Persian].

42. Quinlan, M. C. (2005). An exploration of brownfield reclamation and housing redevelopment in southern Ontario. Guelph: In partial fiufillment of requirments for the degree of master of landscape architecture university of Guelph.

43. Rahnama, M. & Abaszade, G. (2008). Principles and models of urban physical form, Mashhad: ACRER publication,[in Persian].

44. Rahnama, M. & Tavangar, M. (2010). The role of border cities in the process of globalization and regional development, Geopolitic quarterly journal. 6 (3). Pp 152-185[in Persian].

45. Razavian, M. (2012). Class Paper on Development economy with emphasis on Iran. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University

46. Rennie Short, J. (2009). Urban Theory: A Critical Assessment, translated by Ziari, K. et al. Tehran: Tehran University Publication[in Persian].

47. Sarkhosh, N. (2013). Transforming from sovereignty to governmentality, Shargh Newspaper. Number 1922; p 7. [in Persian].

48. Sarvar, H. (2008). Economic globalization and sustainable development of metropolises the case of Tehran metropolis, Tehran: PhD. Thesis in the Geography and Urban Planning in Tarbiat Modares University. [in Persian].

49. Sassen, S. (2001). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Revised edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

50. Shahnoushi, N. (2007). Ranking development level of Mashhad sectors, Mashhad: Mashhad City Council, [in Persian].

51. Shaterian, M. & Ganjipoor, M. (2011). The impacts of investment in the enabling rural areas, Rural research journal, 1(3). Pp 131-152, [in Persian].

52. Shokouei, H. (2004). New approaches in urban geography, Tehran; Samt publication, [in Persian].

53. Smith, R. G. (2013). Beyond the Global City Concept and the Myth of ‘Command and Control’. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,.38(1): 1-18

54. Springer, S. (2010). Neoliberal discursive formations: on the contours of subjectivation, good governance, and symbolic violence in posttransitional Cambodia. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 28 (5): 931-950.

55. Springer, S. (2012). Neoliberalism as discourse: between Foucauldian political economy and Marxian poststructuralism. Critical Discourse Studies 9 (2): 133-147.

56. Taylor, P. (2004). World city network: a global urban analysis. London: Routledge.

57. Taylor, P. J. (2008). Is there a Europe of Cities? World Cities and limitation of Geographical Scale Analyses. in E. Sheppard & R. B. McMaster, Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method. Pages 213-235. Wiley-Blackwell.

58. Taylor, P. J., & Derudde, B. (2016). World city network: a global urban analysis. 2nd edition. London: Routledge.

59. Thrift, N. (2010). Interview with Nigel Thrift, In Farias, I. & Bender, T. Urban Assemblages, how actor-network theory changes urban studies. pages 109-120. London and NewYork: Routledge.

60. UN-Habitat. (03/2016). The city we Need available at http:// mirror. unhabitat. org/ downloads/ docs/ The%20City%20We%20Need.pdf

61. Ward, K., & England, K. (2007). Introduction: Reading neoliberalization. In K. England & K. Ward (Eds.), Neoliberalization: States, networks, peoples (pp. 1–22). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

62. Ziari, K. et all. (2009). Principles and technics of urban planning , Chabahar: Chabahar University publication, [in Persian].