برنامه‌های توسعه در ایران و مشکلات زیست‌محیطی دریاچه ارومیه

پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی

مقاله 1، دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 5، خرداد 1396، صفحه 1-29   

نوع مقاله: مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pg.v2i5.56353

نویسندگان

محمدباقر قالیباف¹؛ جواد اطاعت²؛ حسین محمدی¹؛ زهرا موسوی^{* 1}

¹دانشگاه تهران

²دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی

چکیده

بیش از شش دهه از عمر حاکمیت گفتمان توسعه در جهان گذشته است. در این مدت مفهوم توسعه با تحولات نظری و عملی همراه بوده است. ابتدا رشد اقتصادی محض مورد توجه بود و امکانات طبیعی و محیط‌زیست به‌ عنوان ابزار تسهیل‌گر توسعه تلقی می‌شد. با گذشت زمان صاحبنظران توسعه دریافتند چه بسا، یک واحدسیاسی بتواند به توسعه دست یابد؛ اما به دلیل عدم توجه به جنبه‌های محیط‌زیستی، تداوم توسعه محل تردید جدی قرارگیرد. بدین‌ترتیب، از دهه 1970، رویکردهای زیست ‌محیطی به عنوان نقد دیدگاه رابطه بین محیط‌ زیست و توسعه که در تئوری‌های رشد و مدرنیزاسیون و همچنین رویکردهای نئولیبرالی غالب شده بود، ظهور کردند. با این نگاه بود که توسعه ‌پایدار مبنای عمل قرار گرفت. توسعه‌ای که علاوه بر رشد اقتصادی و توسعه در ابعاد سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، استفاده بهینه از منابع و امکانات طبیعی و همچنین عدالت بین نسلی نیز درآن مورد توجه می‌باشد. با رهیافت فوق، این پژوهش درصدد پاسخگویی به این سوال است که اجرای برنامه‎های توسعه ملی چه تاثیری بر مشکلات محیط‌زیستی در حوضه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه داشته است؟ برای دستیابی به این منظور، از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و جمع آوری داده‎ها و اطلاعات موجود به شیوه کتابخانه‎ای-اسنادی استفاده شده است. بررسی رابطه دیدگاه‎های حاکم بر توسعه در ایران و مشکلات محیط‌زیستی دریاچه ارومیه، این پژوهش را به این نتیجه رهنمون ساخت که ناپایداری محیط‌ زیستی دریاچه ارومیه بطور عمده تحت تاثیر برنامه‎های توسعه ملی بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

توسعه پایدار؛ برنامه‎های توسعه در ایران؛ دریاچه ارومیه؛ محیط‌زیست

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