تبیین نقش حمایت های دولتی مؤثر بر رشد و بقای کارآفرینان در واحدهای تولیدی کوچک در ایران

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 3، دوره 4، بهار و تابستان 1391 - شماره پیاپی 7، شهریور 1391، صفحه 38-60   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pmt.v4i7.19465

نویسندگان

یعقوب مهارتی^* ؛ شمس الدین ناظمی

چکیده

نرخ شکست واحدهای کوچک تولیدی، همواره به عنوان یک معضل بزرگ، نظر سیاستگذاران، تصمیم گیرندگان و مدیران بخش های اقتصاد هر کشور را به خود جلب کرده است. بسیاری از محققین حوزه کارآفرینی تاکنون مطالعات متعددی در خصوص کارآفرینان انجام داده اند و عوامل بسیاری را از جمله کارکردهای سازمانی آنان و حتی ویژگی های شخصیتی را در موفقیت آنان دخیل دانسته اند. تحقیق حاضر با رویکردی متفاوت به بررسی اثرعوامل محیطی (حمایت های دولتی) برموفقیت کارآفرینان، به عنوان افراد تحول گرا در اقتصاد و صنعت، انجام شده است. برای رسیدن به این هدف ازطرح تحقیق کمّی و پرسش نامه استفاده گردیده است. پاسخگویان به سوالات تحقیق را مدیران صنایع کوچک کشورازاستان های مختلف تشکیل داده اند که از فهرست دراختیارگذاشته شده توسط شرکت شهرک های صنعتی و صنایع کوچک ایران انتخاب گردیدند. براساس طرح نمونه گیری تصادفی 600 کارآفرین انتخاب و پرسش نامه تحقیق دراختیارآن ها قرارگرفت. از مجموع پرسش نامه های برگشت داده شده، تعداد 240 نسخه قابل استفاده بوده وبرای تحلیل نهایی به کار گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد رابطه مثبت، معنی دار و خطی بین حمایت های دولت و موفقیت کارآفرینان از هر دو بعد رشد و پایداری مؤسسه وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کارآفرینی؛ عوامل محیطی؛ حمایت های دولتی؛ رشد؛ بقا؛ واحدهای تولیدی کوچک

مراجع

- Ahiarah, S. (1993). Black American's business ownership factors: a theoretical perspective. The Review of Black Political Economy, 22(2), 15-39.

- Alder, N. J. (1983). A typology of management studies involving culture. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(2), 29-47.
- Aldrich, H. E., & Martinez, M. A. (2001). Many are called, but few are chosen: An evolutionary perspective for the study of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 25(4), 41-57.
- Arabi, S. M. (2003). Determination of entrepreneurs success factors in Iran’s market. retrieved on 25 Aug, 2008, from www.karafarini.gov.ir. (in Persian)
- Ary, D.; Jacobs, L. C.; Razavieh, A., & Sorensen, C. (2009). Introduction to research in education (8 th ed.). USA: thomson higher education.
- Baldwin, J., & Picot, G. (1995). Employment generation by small producers in the canadian manufacturing sector. Small Business Economics, 7(4), 317-331.
- Baron, R. A. (2004). Psychological perspectives on entrepreneurship: cognitive and social factors in entrepreneurs' success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 15-18.
- Begley, T. M., & Boyd, D. P. (1987). Psychological characteristics associated with performance in entrepreneurial firms and smaller businesses. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1), 79-93.
- Benzing, C.; Chu, H. M., & Kara, O. (2009). Entrepreneurs in Turkey: a factor analysis of motivations, success factors, and problems. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(1), 58-91.
- Birch, D. L. (1987). Job creation in America. New York, NY: free press.
- Bogan, V., & Darity, W. (2001). African american self employment in the U.S.: a historical review of over a century of black entrepreneurship. retrieved on september, 1, 2006, from http://www.econ.brown.edu./students/vicki_bogan/ pain.pdf
- Box, T.; Watts, L., & Hisrich, R. (1994). Manufacturing entrepreneurs: an empirical study of the correlates of employment growth in the tulsa MSA and rural east Texas. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(3), 261-270.
- Brockhaus, R. (1980). Psychological and environmental factors, which distinguish the successful from the unsuccessful entrepreneur: a longitudinal study. Paper presented at the academy of management proceedings of the 40th annual
meeting.
- Brockhaus, R., & Horwitz, P. S. (1985). The psychology of the entrepreneur. in D. L. Sexton & R. W. Smilor (Eds.), The art and science of entrepreneurship. cambridge, MA: ballinger.
- Carree, M. A., & Thurik, A. R. (1998). Small firms and economic growth in Europe. Atlantic Economic Journal, 26(2), 137.
- Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H. (1994). Founder competence, the environment, and venture performance. Entrepreneurship: theory & practice, 18(3), 77-89.
- Collins, C. J.; Hangs, P. J., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: a meta- analysis. Human Performance, 17(1), 95-117.Covin, J. G., & Covin, T. J. (1990). Competitive aggressiveness, environmental context, and small firm performance. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 14(4), 35-50.
- Cunningham, J. B., & Lischeron, J. (1991). Defining entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 29(1), 45-61.
- Davidsson, P. (1989). Entrepreneurship- and after? a study of growth willingness in small firm. Journal of Business venturing, 4(3), 211-226.
- Dehdashti, Z., & Naderifar, B. (2007). The characteristics of successful small industries: plastic small industries. Marketing, 61, 14-23. (in Persian)
- Devine, P. (2002). The institutional context of entrepreneurial activity. in F. adaman & P. Devine (Eds.), Economy and society: Money, capitalism and transition. montreal: black rose books.
- Duchesneau, D. A., & Gartner, W. B. (1990). A profile of new venture success and failure in an emerging industry. Journal of Business Venturing, 5(5), 297-312.
- Edwards, C. C. (2008). Assessing entrepreneurship and African American women: factors of success. Unpublished PhD, north central university, United States, arizona.
- Ekeh, I. E. (2000). Factors and attributes contributing to the success of African American entrepreneurs in the San Francisco bay area of the United States of America. Unpublished D. B. A., golden gate university, United States, California.
- Erofeev, D. A. (2002). Personal, organizational, and environmental factors as predictors of entrepreneurial success within a franchising company in the personnel service industry. Unpublished PhD, central Michigan university, United States, Michigan.
- Faraji, H. (2009). Statistic book for Iran's industries (No. 32). Tehran: ministry of industries & mines. (in Persian)
- Fayolle, A. (2007). Entrepreneurship and new value creation: the dynamic of the entrepreneurial process. cambridge: cambridge university press.
- Fiet, J. O. (2001). The theoretical side of teaching entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1), 1-24.
- Fried, H. O., & Tauer, L. W. (2009). Understanding the entrepreneur: an index of entrepreneurial success. retrieved on june, 2010, from www.aem.cornell. edu/research/researchpdf/wp/cornell_AEM_wp0932.pdf
- Gasse, Y. (1982). Commentary elaboration: elaborations on the psychology of the entrepreneur. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 58-71). Englewood cliffs, NJ: prentice-hall.
- George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference, 11.0 update (3rd ed.). USA: Allyn & Bacon.
- Gravely, M. J., II. (1999). Understanding entrepreneurial success: a study of African-American small business owners. Unpublished PhD, the union institute, united states, ohio.
- Hair, J. F.; Black, W. C.; Babin, B. J.; Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6 th ed.). New Jersey: pearson education, Inc.
- Hefdahtan, S. H. (2010). Pathology of entrepreneurship in Iran. retrieved on April, 2010, from www.karafarini.ir. (in Persian)
- Henderson, J. (2002). Building the rural economy with high-growth entrepreneurs. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 87(3), 45-70.
- Hian, C. K. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: a study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), 12-25.
- Hisrich, R. H., & Peters, M. O. (1992). Entrepreneurship: starting, developing, and managing a new enterprise. Boston, MA: Irwin.
- Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: key predictors of consolidated-business-unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 891-
902.
- Ibrahim, A. B. (1986). Perceived causes of success in small business American Journal of Small Business, 11(2), 41-50.
- Jenssen, J. I., & Koenig, H. F. (2002). The effect of social networks on resource access and business start-ups. European Planning Studies, 10(8), 1037-1039.
- Kreft, S. F., & Sobel, R. S. (2005). Public policy, entrepreneurship, and economic freedom. Cato Journal, 25(3), 595-616.
- Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
- Lim, L. Y. (2007). Factors influencing growth of entrepreneurial ventures in Malaysia. unpublished PhD, university Puta Malaysia, Serdang.
- Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
- Mansor, N., & Mat, A. C. (2010). The significance of psychology and environment dimensions for malaysian muslim women entrepreneurships venturing. International Journal of Human Sciences, 7(1), 253-269.
- Mollahosseini, A., & Mostafavi, S. (2009). Investigation on factors influencing entrepreneurs' success in industrial area (Case study on Kerman's industry). Sanat va Karafarini, 38(3), 64-69. (in Persian)
- Nichols, C. R., Jr. (1995). Factors affecting the success or failure of African-American new business ventures in the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area. unpublished Ph.D., the union institute, united states, Ohio.
- Nucci, A. R. (1993). The demography of business failure: U.S. Department of commerce, bureau of the census, centre of economic.
- Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis, using SPSS for windows (version 15) (3rd ed.). crows nest: Allen & Unwin.

- Poh, K. W.; Yuen, P. H., & Erkko, A. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth: evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 335-350.
- Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2000). Psychological approaches to entrepreneurial success: a general model and an overview of findings. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 101-141). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
- Reid, G. C. (1991). Staying in business. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 9(4), 545-558.
- Reynolds, P. D.; Hay, M., & Camp, S. M. (1999). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 1999 Executive report. Kansas city: ewing marion kauffman foundation.
- Robinson, P. B.; Stimpson, D. V.; Huefner, J. C., & Hunt, H. K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13-31.
- Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: a skill building approach (4 th ed.). USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sirinivasan, R.; Woo, C. Y., & Cooper, A. A. (1994). Performance determinants for male and female entrepreneurs. Paper presented at the babson entrepreneurship research, Cambridge. MA: Babson College.
- Smith, N. R.; Bracker, J. S., & Miner, J. B. (1987). Correlates of firm and entrepreneur success in technologically innovative companies. In N. C. Churchil, B. A. Kirchhoff, O. J. Krasner, & K. vesper (Eds.), Frontiers of entrepreneurship research. Wellesley, MA: Babson College.
- Smith, N. R., & Miner, J. B. (1984). Motivational considerations in the success of technologically innovative entrepreneurs. In J. A. Hornaday, E. Tarpley, J. A. Timmons & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Frontiers of entrepreneurship research (pp. 488-
495). Welles, MA: Babson center for entrepreneurial studies.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5 th ed.): pearson education, Inc.
- VanderWerf, P. A., & Brush, C. G. (1989). Achieving empirical progress in an undefined field. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 14(2), 45-58.
- Zahedi, S. (2004). Systematic analysis from alternatives that affect entrepreneurship phenomenon. retrieved on 10 Aug., 2008, from www.karafarini.gov.ir. (in Persian)
- Zahra, S. A. (2007). Contextualizing theory building in entrepreneurship research. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(3), 443-452.
- Zali, M. R. (2009). Profile of entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) (Vol. 1). Tehran: faculty of entrepreneurship, Tehran university. (in Persian)
- Zali, M. R., & Razavi, S. M. (2009). Barriers of entrepreneurship development in
Iran. Tehran: faculty of entrepreneurship. (in Persian)