Abranches, P., Santos-Gomes, G., Rachamim,N.,Campino, L.,Schnur, L.F. and JaffeC.L.(1991a) An experimental
model for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunology
13, 537–550.
Abranches, P., Silva-Pereira, A.C.D.,Conceicao-Silva, F.M., Santos-Gomes,G.M. and Janz, G.(1991b) Canine
leishmaniasis: Pathological and ecological factors influencing
transmission of infection. The Journal of Parasitology 77, 557–561.
Alborzi, A., Pouladfar, G.R. and Aelami, M.H.(2007) Visceral leishmaniasis;literature review and Iranian experience. Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2, 99-108.
Anosa, V.O. andIdowu, A.(1983)The clinical–haematological features and pathology of leishmaniasis in a dog in Nigeria.
ZentralblVeterinarmed B 30, 600–608.
Amusategui, I., Sainz, A., Rodrıguez, F. and Tesouro, M.A. (2003) Distribution and relationships between clinical and
biopathological parameters in canine leishmaniasis. European journal of epidemiology 18, 147–156.
Binhazim, A.A., Chapman, W.L., Shin, S.S.and Hanson, W.L. (1993) Determination of virulence and pathogenesis of a canine strain of Leishmaniainfantum in hamsters and dogs.American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, 113–120.
Brabin, L. and Brabin, B.J. (1992) Parasitic infections in women and their consequences. Parasitology 31, 1–81.
Bokai, S., Mobedi, I., Edrissian, Gh.H. and Nadim, A. (1998) Seroepidemiological study of canine visceral leishmaniasis
in Meshkin- Shahr, northwest of Iran.Archives of Razi Institute 48-49, 41–46.
Cavaliero, T., Arnold, P., Mathis, A., Glaus,T., Hofmann-khmann, R. and Deplazes, P. (1999) Clinical, serologic,and parasitologicfollow-up after longterm altopurinot therapy of
dogsnafurally infected with Leishmania infantum. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 13, 330-334.
Ciaramella, P., Oliva, G., De Luna, L.,Gradoni, R.,Ambrosio, L.,Cortese,A.,Scalone, A. and Persechino,A.(1997) A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniasis in 150 naturally
infected by Leishmania infantum.Veterinary Record 141, 539–543.
Ciaramella, P., Pelagalli, A., Cortese, L.,Pero,M.E., Corona, M., Lombardi,P.,Avallone, L. and Persechino,A.(2005) Altered platelet aggregation and coagulation disorders related to
clinical findings in 30 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum.The Veterinary Journal 169, 465–467.
da Costa-Val, A.P.,Cavalcanti, R.R., de FigueiredoGontijo, N.,Michalick, M.S.M., Alexander, B., Williams, P.and Melo, M.N. (2007) Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Relationships between
clinical status, humoral immune response, haematology and Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis infectivity.The Veterinary Journal 174, 636–643.
Denerolle, Ph. (1996) Leishmaniose canine:Difficulte´s du diagnostic et du traitement. Prat Med ChirAnim Comp 31, 137–145.
Di Loria, A.,Santoro, D., Ruggiero, G. and Ciaramella, P. (2006) Presence of antiplatelet IgM and IgG antibodies in dogs
naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 110, 331–337.
Ferrer, L. (1992) Leishmaniasis. In: Kirk RW,Bonagura JD (Eds.), Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XI. Small Animal Practice, Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, pp 266–270.
Gradoni, L. and Gramiccia, M. (2000)Leishmaniasis, In OIE manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccine, 4thed. Office International des Epizooties, Paris, France, pp 803-812.
Hamidi, A.N.,Nadim, A.,Edrissian,Gh.H.,Tahvildar-idruni, G. and
Javadian, E. (1982) Visceral leishmaniasis of jackals and dogs in
northern Iran.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 756–757.
Ikedagarcia, F.A.,Ciarlini, P.C., Lopes, R.S.and Marques, F.J.,Bomfim, S.R.M., de Lima, V.M.F.,Perri, S.H.V. and
Marcondes, M. (2008) Hematological evaluation of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi submitted to treatment with meglumine antimoniate. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 45, 68-74.Jain, N.C. (1993) Essentials of veterinary hematology, Lea andFebiger, Malvern,Pennsylvania, USA, pp1-18.
Juttner, C., Rodriguez Sanchez, M., Rollan Landeras, E., Slappendel, R.J. and Arnold, F.C. (2001) Evaluation of the
potential causes of the epistaxis in dogs with natural visceral leishmaniasis.Veterinary Record 149, 176–179.
Keenan, C.M., Hendricks, L.D., Lightner, L.,Webster, H.K. and Johnson, A.J.(1984) Visceral leishmaniasis in the German Shepherd dog. I. Infection,clinical disease and clinicalpathology.
Veterinary pathology 21, 74–79.
Koutinas, A.F., Polizopoulou, Z.S.,Saridomichelakis, M.N., Argyriadis,D.,Fytianou, A. and Plevraki, K.(1999)Clinical consideration on canine leishmaniasis in Greece: a retrospective
study of 158 cases (1989-1996).Journal of the American Animal
Hospital Association 35, 376–383.
Koutinas, A.F., Saridomichelakis, N.M.,Mylonakis, E.M., Leontides, L.,Polizopoulou, Z., Billinis, C.,Argyriadis, D.,Diakou, N. and
Papadopoulos, O. (2001) A randomised, blinded, placebo
controlled clinical trial with allopurinol in canine leishmaniosis. Veterinary Parasitology 98, 247–261.
Lester, J.S. and Kenyon, E.J. (1996) Use of allopurinol to treat visceral leishmaniosis in dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209, 615– 617.
Mancianti, F.,Falcone, M.L.,Giannelli, C. and Poli, A.(1995) Comparison between an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
using a detergent-soluble Leishmaniainfantum antigen and
indirect immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis.Veterinary Parasitology 59, 13-21.
Mazloumi Gavgani, A.S.,Mohite, H.,Edrissian,G.Mohebali, M. and Davies, C.R.(2002) Domestic dog ownership in Iran is a risk factor for human infection with leishmania infantum. The American
Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 511–515.
Meinkoth J.H. and Clinkenbeard, K.D. (2000) Normal hematology of the dog. In:Feldman, B.F., Zinkl J.G. and Jain N.C.
(Eds) Schalm’s veterinary hematology,5thedn., Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp1057–1063.
Mettler, M.,Grimm, F.,Capelli, G., Camp, H.and Deplazes, P.(2005) Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,
an immunofluorescent-antibody test, and two rapid tests (immunochromatographic dip stick and gel tests) for serological
diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic Leishmania infections in dogs. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, 5515-5519.
Mohebali, M., Hajjaran, H., Hamzavi, Y.,Mobedi, I., Arshi, S., Zarei, Z.,Akhoundi, B., Manouchehri Naeini,K.,Avizeh, R. and Fakhar, M. (2005)Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Prevalence and Risk Factors for Canine Leishmaniasis Republic of Iran.Veterinary Parasitology 129, 243-251.
Moshfe, A., Mohebali, M., Edrissian, G.,Zarei, Z., Akhoundi, B., Kazemi, B.,Jamshidi, Sh. and Mahmoodi,M.(2008) Seroepidemiological Study on Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in
Meshkin-Shahr District, Ardabil Province, Northwest of Iran during
2006-2007. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 3, 1-10.
Moreno, P., Lucena, R. and Ginel, P.J.(1998) Evaluation of primary haemostasis in canine leishmaniasis. Veterinary
Record 142, 81–83.
Palacio, J., Liste, F. and Gascon, M.(1995)Urinary protein/creatinine ratio in the evaluation of renal failure in canine
leishmaniosis. Veterinary Record 137,567–568.
Pasa, S., Toz, S.O.,Voyvoda, H.and Ozbel,Y.(2005) Clinical and serological follow-up in dogs with visceral leishmaniosis treated with allopurinol and sodium stibogluconate. Veterinary Parasitology 128, 243–249.
Pozio, E.,Gradoni, L.,Bettini, S. and Gramiccia, M. (1981)Leishmaniasis in Tuscany (Italy): VI. Canine
leishmaniasis in the focus of Monte Argentario (Grosseto). Acta Tropica 38, 383-93.
Quinnel, R.J., Courtenay, O., Davidson, S.,Garcezs, L., Lambson, B., Ramoss, P.,Shaws, J., Shaw, M. and Dye, C.(2001) Detection of Leishmania infantum by PCR, serology and cellular immune response in a cohort study of Brazilian dogs. Parasitology 122, 253-261.
Reis, A.B., Martins-Filho, O.A., Teixeira-Carvalho, A., Carvalho, M.G.,Mayrink,W., Franca-Silva, J.C.,Giunchetti,R.C.,Genaro, O. and Correˆa-Oliveira,R.(2006) Parasite density and impaired
biochemical/hematological status are associated with severe clinical aspects of canine visceral leishmaniasis.
Research in Veterinary Science 81, 68–75.
Reithinger, R., Quinnell, R.J., Alexander,B.and Davies, C.R.(2002) Rapid Detection of Leishmaniainfantum Infection in Dogs: Comparative Study Using an Immunochromatographic
Dipstick Test, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and PCR.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40,2352–2356.
Schultze, A.E. (2000). Interpretation of canine leukocyte response. In: Feldman, BF;Zinkl, JG and Jain NC (Eds),Schalm’s
veterinary hematology. 5thEdn.Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia, pp 366–381.
Sideris, V., Karagouni, E.,Papadopoulou,G.,Garifallou, A. and Dotsika, E.(1996)Canine visceral leishmaniasis in thegreat Athens area, Greece. Parasite 3,125-130.
Slappendel, R.J. (1998) Canine leishmaniasis.A review on 95 cases in the Netherlands. Veterinary Quarterly 10,1–17.
Solano-Gallego, L., Fernandez-Bellon,H.,Morell, P.,Fondevila, D.,Alberola,J.,Ramis, A. and Ferrer, L. (2004)Histological and immunohistochemical study of clinically normal skin of
Leishmaniainfantuminfected dogs.Journal of comparative pathology 30,7–12.
Stockham, S.L. and Scott, M.A. (2002)Fundamentals of veterinary clinical pathology.1stEdn.Iowa state press,
Iowa, USA, pp 31-48.
Tesh, R. (1995) Control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis: is it time to change strategies? The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 57, 287–292.
