واکاوی ناامنی غذایی و برخی عوامل مؤثّر بر آن در زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار شهرستان اسلام آباد غرب

Journal of Research and Rural Planning

Article 2, Volume 5, Issue 2 - Serial Number 14, June 1395, Pages 29-45   

DOI: 10.22067/jrrp.v5i2.42423

Authors

کریم نادری مهدیی^* ; سارا جلیلیان

دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان

Abstract

هدف: پایش امنیت غذایی و مقابله با ناامنی غذایی و گرسنگی در جامعه لازم و ضروری به نظر می رسد. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر، واکاوی ناامنی غذایی و برخی عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار شهرستان اسلام آبادغرب می باشد.
روش: تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر نحوۀ گردآوری داده ها، غیرآزمایشی است. روش تحقیق مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، پیمایشی است. جامعۀ آماری عبارت است از کلّیۀ زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار شهرستان اسلام آباد غرب که 200 نفر می‌باشند و با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و با ضریب خطای 39/0 درصد، تعداد 107 نفر از آن ها به روش تصادفی به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. اطلاعات مورد نیاز پژوهش، با استفاده از روش پیمایشی و با استفاده از تکنیک پرسش‌نامه تهیه شده است. به منظور تعیین پایایی پرسش‌نامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده که میزان آن در گویه‌های مربوط به سنجش ناامنی غذایی 92 درصد می باشد. برای سنجش سطح امنیت غذایی از شاخص HFIAS استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها: یافته ها نشان داد که 2/25 درصد خانوارها در طبقۀ امن غذایی قرار داشتند. ناامن خفیف، متوسط و شدید غذایی به ترتیب، در 4/51 درصد، 5/21 درصد و 9/1 درصد در خانوارها مشاهده شد. در پاسخ به سؤالات پرسش‌نامۀ HFIAS، بیش‌ترین مورد تجربۀ ناامنی غذایی خانوارها، مصرف غذایی که اعضا خانوار دوست ندارند، به خاطر نبودن امکان تهیۀ غذاهای دیگر بود. براساس نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون، 4 عامل دانشی، سازمان حمایت‌کننده، تعداد افراد تحت سرپرستی و درآمد شناسایی شد که در کل، 62 درصد از واریانس ناامنی غذایی را تبیین کردند. همچنین، براساس یافته های پژوهش، این چهار گروه از ناامنی غذایی زنان مورد مطالعه در تابع تشخیص پژوهشی با مطلوبیتی قابل ملاحظه، طبقه بندی شده اند.
راهبردها: براساس یافته‌های تحقیق، می‌توان گفت بهترین راهبرد برای رفع ناامنی غذایی، توان‌مندسازی زنان سرپرست خانوار است و وابسته‌کردن آن‌ها به حمایت‌های مداوم دولتی غیرمنطقی است.
راهکارهای عملی: می توان به صورت خلاصه به برخی از مهم ترین عوامل مؤثّر در کاهش بروز مشکلات زنان روستایی سرپرست خانوار اشاره کرد: ایجاد امکانات و دسترسی به شغل مناسب، سازوکارهای لازم و مناسب حمایتی از سوی دولت و دستگاه های اجرایی، فرهنگ سازی و آموزش خانواده ها جهت حمایت از این قشر و در نهایت، لزوم شناسایی و آموزش مشاغل خانگی درآمدزا.
اصالت و ارزش:. یافته های این تحقیق با توجه به عوامل دارای اولویت می تواند مورد استفاده و توجه دست‌اندرکاران و کنش گران این عرصه قرار گیرد.

Keywords

ناامنی غذایی; امنیت غذایی; سرپرست خانوار; زنان روستایی; شهرستان اسلام آبادغرب

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