بازار آب در تئوری و عمل: شکست بازار و سیاست عمومی

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 11، دوره 3، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 6، شهریور 1395، صفحه 103-114   

نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v3i1.59448

نویسنده

محمدرضا نظری^*

دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

امروزه توسعه ساز و کارهای تخصیص مبتنی بر بازار به عنوان یک روش پایدار، انعطاف ‏پذیر و کارا در مدیریت منابع آب و باز توزیع آن بین مصارف مختلف مطرح است. با این حال توانایی بازار در تخصیص کارا و بهینه آب در گرو برقراری شرایطی خاص از بازار و کالای مورد مبادله (آب) است. تجارب مختلف نشان می‏ دهد که در عمل توانایی بازار در ایجاد چنین تخصیصی بدون محدودیت نبوده و ریسک‏ هایی وجود دارد که ممکن است طراحی نامناسب ساختار بازار به شکست آن منجر شود. هدف این پژوهش ضمن تبیین مبانی نظری بازار آب، تشریح الزامات پیاده‏ سازی آن در عمل و شناسایی مواردی است که منجر به ناکارایی و شکست بازار آب می ‏گردد. بر این اساس پیشنهادها و راه‏ حل ‏های سیاست عمومی برای اصلاح این ناکارایی‏ ها بر اساس تجارب جهانی و داخلی و با تأکید بر شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حقوقی حاکم بر مدیریت منابع آب کشور ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بازار آب؛ تخصیص کارا؛ شکست بازار؛ سیاست عمومی

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