Blast Loading and Evaluation of Nonlinear Response of Structural Buildings

مهندسی عمران فردوسی

Article 8, Volume 26, Issue 1, February 2015, Pages 121-132   

Document Type: Research Note

DOI: 10.22067/civil.v26i1.44313

Authors

Ahmad farahani^* ; Mohmad Ali hadianfard

Abstract

In the conditions in which terrorist attacks on facilities and civilian places increase more and more attention to design of structures against impact loads of explosion is more important and needs special considerations. Study of nature of blast loads and methods of applying it on the structure is one of the important problems. Explosion is a sudden and rapid release of a great amount of energy that produces light, heat, voice and shock wave. This wave contains dense air that moves outward radially and spherically, with velocity about the sound speed. Applying this huge load on structure leads to nonlinear deformations and failure in some elements. Then using of nonlinear analysis is necessary. In this paper blast loads and it's parameters have been introduced, and different formulas and models for blast loading have been studied and compared, and the most suitable model for calculating and applying this load on the structural buildings has been recognized and used. Then by using structural analysis softwares, nonlinear response of different structural frames against blast loading, have been calculated and evaluated. Also with comparison of nonlinear behavior of structural frames with different stories and bays effective parameters on response of structures, have been recognized and introduced.

Keywords

Structural Dynamic Analysis; Blast Wave; Structural Buildings; Blast Loading; Impact Loads

References

1. Longinow, A. and Mniszewski, K.R., "Protecting Buildings against Vehicle Bomb Attacks", Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, Vol. 1, 1, pp. 51-54, (1996).

2. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, "Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings", Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 426, (2003).

3. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, "Primer for Design of Commercial Buildings to Mitigate Terrorist Attacks", Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 427, (2003).

4. TM5-855-1, "Fundamentals of Protective Design for Conventional Weapons", U.S. Department of the Army, Washington D.C., (1990).

5. TM 5-1300, "Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions", Joint Departments of the Army, Air Force and Navy, Washington D.C., (1990).

6. Applied Research Associates (ARA), Inc., "A.T.-Blast program", Protective Glazing Council, (2007). http://www.protectiveglazing.org

7. Brode, H.L., "Numerical solutions of spherical blast waves", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.26, Issue: 6, pp. 766-775, (1955).

8. Newmark, N.M. and Hansen, R.J., "Design of Blast Resistant Structures", Shock and Vibration Handbook, Vol. 3, Eds. Harris and Crede, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, (1961).

9. Mills, C.A., "The Design of Concrete Structure to Resist Explosions and Weapon Effects", Proceedings of the 1st Int. Conference on concrete for hazard protections, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 61-73, (1987).

10. Mays, G.C. and Smith, P.D., "Blast Effects on Buildings", Thomas Telford Service Ltd, London, E14 4JD. 121pp., (1995).

11. Lam, N., Mendis, P. and Ngo, T., "Response Spectrum Solutions for Blast Loading", Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 28-44, (2004).

12. Izadifard, R.A. and Mahrei, M.R., "Application of DBD Method to Assess the Level of Structural Damage Due to Blast Loads", Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, (2008).

13. Ngo, T., Mendis, P., Gupta, A. and Ramsay, J., "Blast Loading and Blast Effects on Structures – An Overview", Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, (2007).

14. Zhu, F. and Lu, G., "A Review of Blast and Impact of Metallic and Sandwich Structures", Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, (2007).

15. Lee, K., Kim, T. and Kim J., "Local Response of W-Shaped Steel Columns Under Blast Loading", Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. 31. No.1, pp. 25-38, (2009).

16. Hadianfard, M.A., Farahani, A. and Jahromi A.B., "On the effect of steel columns cross sectional properties on the behaviours when subjected to blast loading", Journal of Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 449-463, (2012).

17. Baker, W.E., "Explosions in Air", University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, (1973).

18. Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Primer for Design Safe School Projects In Case Of Terrorist Attacks", FEMA 428, (2003).

19. ANSYS 11. , "Reference Manual. Element Reference", Element Library.

20 .Soroushian, P. and Choi, K.B., "Steel Mechanical Properties at Different Strain Rates", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 663-672, (1987